درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Background: Gene polymorphisms are related to athletic performance. Angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism is essential in identifying talent and guiding adolescents to appropriate sports. Aim : The aim was to investigate the relationship between the angiotensin gene and endurance performance of novice adolescent wrestlers in Ardabil. Materials and Methods: Subjects were 15 Amateur adolescent wrestlers in Ardabil (age: 13.07±1.53 years, height: 164.60±10.68 cm, weight: 60.14±6.32 kg, BMI: 22.22±4.98 kg/m 2 ) with three-year wrestling. Chest and thigh muscle endurance, abdominal fat percentage and cardiovascular endurance, chest press, and squat muscle endurance were measured. ACE polymorphism was determined using tetra-ARMs polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and compared direct DNA sequencing in salivary samples. Chi-square and ANOVA were used to compare frequencies and their relationship with performance indicators. Results: ACE DD genotype frequency was higher in novice adolescent wrestlers, and there was a significant difference between ACE polymorphism frequency ( P =0.008). There was a significant difference between ACE genotype distribution with endurance performance of pectoral and triceps ( P =0.004) muscles, body composition ( P =0.0001), and Vo 2 max ( P =0.0001). There was a significant difference between body composition and Vo 2 max of Amateur adolescent wrestlers with ACE DD ( P =0.0001), ACE II ( P =0.0001), and between body composition and Vo 2 max with ACE II ( P =0.0001), ACE DD ( P =0.0001), and ACE ID ( P =0.0001). In body composition, ACE II was significantly higher compared to ACE DD ( P =0.0001) and compared to ACE ID ( P =0.0001). Also, in Vo 2 max, ACE II was significantly higher compared to ACE DD ( P =0.0001) and compared to ACE ID ( P =0.0001). Conclusion: Findings showed the superiority of ACE DD polymorphism and its relationship with the endurance performance of novice adolescent wrestlers in Ardabil. ACE DD polymorphism is probably essential in wrestler success. Other research with more subjects and other genes is important.

The purpose of this study was to compare the brand communication dimensions in the clothing and footwear industry. This research was descriptive-correlational and its statistical population consisted of consumers of footwear and sports clothing in Iran. The statistical sample was estimated according to the Cochran formula. Finally, 379 questionnaires were used to analyse the data. The findings of this study showed that all the paths except for the effect of brand experience on satisfaction in both industries and the effect of experience on loyalty in the shoe industry was significant. The role of mediator of brand loyalty and satisfaction in all directions, except the path of brand experience to loyalty, has been confirmed in the sports shoes industry. Comparing the two proposed models, only trust path on brand satisfaction, had a significant difference between the sports shoes industry and the sports clothing industry.

Background: The promising results of idiopathic scoliosis for children and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis found in low-quality in review of literature in Iran. Aim : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of various types of exercises to improve idiopathic scoliosis in terms of reducing Cobb angle and angle of trunk rotation (ATR) in different ages of children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: Searches were conducted in databases including Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar during 2005-2021. Inclusion criteria were papers using only corrective exercises (CE) or CEs with braces as an intervention. The PEDro scale was used for evaluating the quality of papers. Results: Thirteen papers were licensed for review. The papers (PEDro: 4-9) showed the positive effect of the CEs in reducing Cobb angle (eleven papers) and ATR (eight papers) greater than 5° and 3°, respectively. Moreover, two papers (PEDro: 4-7) showed that the physiotherapy scoliosis specific exercises (PSSE) were more effective than the general exercises (GE), while no paper was found to compare one PSSE to another. Two papers (PEDro: 6-9) indicated the greater effectiveness of CEs in childhood than adolescence. Conclusion: The relative evidence suggested the effect of CEs on improving idiopathic scoliosis, especially in children. However, it seems that the use of SEAS and Schroth methods, depending on the individual nature, can be more effective. High-quality papers are necessary to achieve more accurate results in the future.

Justice as a basic necessity of social life, plays a critical role in administration of sport teams and sport organization. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between Perceived Organizational Justice in Collegiate Sport Teams and Sport Achievement Motivation. In this descriptive –correlative study, 102 student athletes (56 males, 46 females) who were selected as statistical sample from Northern Khorasan and Razavi Khorasan provinces responded to Organizational Justice Questionnaire developed by Niehoff & Moorman (1993) and sport achievement motivation Questionnaire developed by Gill et al. (1983). Conducting correlation coefficient for data analysis revealed that perceived organization justice and its subscales significantly correlated to sport achievement motivation in collegiate sport teams. Moreover, the results of the stepwise regression revealed that, among perceived organization justice subscales, interactional justice was the strongest predictor of sport achievement motivation.