درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three methods of endurance, resistance and concurrent training on aerobic fitness and body composition male students with overweight. Methods: Forty five overweight male who were resident of Shahed university dormitory were purposefully selected and randomly assigned into following groups: endurance, resistance and concurrent training. Each Group performed their own protocol for 8 weeks, 3 times per week with specified intensity and duration. Before starting the protocol and 24 hours after the last training session, body composition parameters and aerobic fitness were measured at same condition. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. Results: The findings showed that three methods of endurance, resistance and concurrent training protocol had a significant effects on aerobic fitness and body composition parameters. In comparing the difference between groups of three methods of endurance, resistance and concurrent training on aerobic fitness and body composition parameters were significantly different and the variables of aerobic fitness and body composition parameters of concurrent training was more effective than two other exercises. Innovation this research is identical the work out of training (time) in the 3 protocol that to compare intergroup among the most effective way to same time identification. Conclusion: It seems that eight weeks of endurance, strength and concurrent exercise training have effects on aerobic fitness and body composition parameters male students with overweight but all three types of exercise separately with diet modification could be improved aerobic fitness and body composition indices.

Background: Given the importance of entrepreneurship as a factor to increase job opportunities, the development of entrepreneurial schools as an approach to increase students' job skills has attracted much attention. However, not much research has been done on entrepreneurship schools. However, the introduction of physical education in the field of entrepreneurship can create many job opportunities for students in this field. Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a model for entrepreneurial physical education schools in Iran. Method: This is applied research conducted as a descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the study included managers and teachers of entrepreneurship centers in physical education vocational schools in Iran, from which a sample of 260 people was selected using the Cochran's formula. Research data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using the partial least squares technique and Smart PlS software. Results: Calculation of Cronbach's alpha, combined reliability and average variance extracted showed that the research questionnaire has good reliability and validity. The results of hypotheses test revealed that all three dimensions of entrepreneurship have positive and significant effect on innovation; it was also found that innovation has a positive and significant effect on the entrepreneurial event. Conclusion: in general, the results of this study imply that taking an entrepreneurial orientation can lead to development of entrepreneurial physical education schools.

Infertility is a health problem that affects about 10-15% of couples worldwide. Infertility is defined as the inability of couples to successfully conceive a child after one year of unprotected sex. The causes of infertility are often not easily identified. However, this disorder appears to be due to genetic or environmental factors, some of which may be modifiable and may be considered as a treatment option. The use of emerging infertility treatment technologies has been somewhat effective. However, these methods are very expensive and, in some cases, their success rate is relatively low. A sedentary lifestyle can lead to several disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and conditions such as obesity. Obesity can have a negative effect on the fertility of couples. Overall, it seems that changing the sedentary lifestyle and increasing physical activity by performing regular exercise training can enhance the chances of fertility. However, it should be noted that strenuous exercise training has a negative effect on fertility.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of creativity on performance with the mediating role of knowledge sharing in sports federations. Method: This field study was a descriptive-correlative research and a practical one. The research population consisted of all presidents, vice presidents, general secretaries, committee managers and experts in 51 sport federations (N=780), and 267 subjects were studied through stratified random sampling approach that was consistent to recommended sample by Krejcie & Morgan table. The research tools were adopted from the existing literature to collect the data. The reliability of the research tools were confirmed according to Cronbach’s alpha. Face, content, and construct validity were used to evaluate the validity of the research tools. To test the research hypotheses, structural equation modeling was conducted by applying Smart PLS. Results: The findings demonstrated that "Creativity" had a positive and significant effect on "Performance", as well as "Knowledge sharing". Moreover, "Knowledge sharing "had a positive and significant effect on "Performance". The results also showed that "Knowledge sharing" mediate the relationship between "Creativity", and "Performance "in sport federations. Conclusions: The findings of this study, with emphasis on the role of creativity and knowledge sharing in improving the performance, can be regarded as a platform for enhancing the performance of sports federations. Creativity and knowledge sharing can play a significant role in empowering the human capital that ultimately result in performance development.

Introduction: The aim of present study was to determine the effect of biofeedback training on electrical activity of trapezius muscles and range of motion in people with shoulder impingement syndrome. Martials and Methods: In this study, 20 patients with shoulder impingement syndrome in age range of 20-40 y were selected as the statistical sample and were divided into experimental (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. The experimental group trained by using EMG biofeedback for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week. The control group was applied only for pre-test and posttest measurements. For data collection, surface electromyography was used to analyze the muscle activity patterns of trapezius muscles (upper, middle, lower), and a goniometer was executed to evaluate the flexion. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to confirm the normality of the data and covariance analysis test was applied to compare pre-test and post-test. Correlated t-test was used to examine within-group changes. Results: In this study, after 8 weeks of biofeedback training in the experimental group, a significant improvement in the electrical activity of the middle trapezius (P=0.000) and lower trapezius muscles (P=0.016) was observed. In addition, a significant improvement in the amount of flexion range of motion (P=0.000) was indicated in the experimental group compared to the pretest and also the control group (P=0.05). However, no significant difference was shown in the muscle activity of the upper trapezius muscle (P=0.776). Conclusion: The present study showed that biofeedback training is effective to improve the electrical activity of trapezius muscle and flexion in people with SIS.

The musculoskeletal and support systems along with biomechanical factors lead to tissue adaptations in the skeletal, musculoskeletal and nervous systems, resulting in changes in movement pattern. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tactile feedback along with corrective exercises on the degree of thoracic kyphosis in people with Hyperkyphosis . Twenty patients with postural kyphosis greater than 42 were selected voluntarily and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. In the pre-test and post-test, the degree of kyphosis of both groups was measured using a flexible ruler. In the intervention phase, both groups performed corrective exercises for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week and each session for 30 to 45 minutes. With this difference, the experimental group received tactile feedback, but the control group did not receive any feedback. The results of 2-factor analysis of variance showed that tactile feedback along with corrective exercises (D = -12%) compared to corrective exercises (D = -8%) led to a reduction in kyphosis in people with Hyperkyphosis (P = 0.018).It seems that tactile feedback with changes in sensory inputs can be an effective complement to corrective exercises to reduce the degree of kyphosis.