مطالب

Considering the goals of sustainable development, numerous studies and research have been conducted in the field of supply chain sustainability. While some articles have addressed the social sustainability dimensions of the supply chain, there is a lack of integrated and comprehensive models to assess the performance of these chains in social sustainability dimensions, especially concerning decent work criteria. The present research aims to design a model for the maturity of decent work in the sustainable pharmaceutical supply chain. This research is an applied study from the perspective of objectives and descriptive research methodologically. The research population in the qualitative section consisted of experienced experts in the field of supply chain and decent work, and for this purpose, 15 individuals were selected and interviewed. After designing the initial model, in the qualitative section and initial screening of dimensions and components, 84 concepts remained in the model.

Timurid coins serve as a mirror reflecting the significant economic and political events of the era, and their study can provide deeper insights into the economic and social dynamics of the Timurid period. This research examines the Timurid coins housed in the Museum of Bu-Ali Sina Mausoleum using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. A specialized review of the initial results obtained from XRF spectroscopy, particularly in numismatic studies, holds significant importance and can be a fundamental step toward reducing errors and enhancing precision in interdisciplinary analyses. XRF technology, as a non-destructive method, enables precise examination of the chemical composition and identification of elements present in coins. However, without meticulous monitoring and comprehensive reevaluation of the obtained results, misinterpretations and uncertainty in historical analyses may arise. The research questions focus on the value of reinterpreting and analyzing XRF spectroscopy data and their role in identifying counterfeit coins and understanding economic and cultural characteristics in numismatic studies. The central hypothesis of the study posits that raw XRF spectroscopy data do not provide accurate results, and in-depth analysis by experts is required for a precise examination of coins. This research also highlights the importance of detailed spectrum analysis, technical challenges in data interpretation, and the use of interdisciplinary approaches to enhance the accuracy of results. The findings reveal that a more profound reinterpretation of XRF spectroscopy data significantly contributes to better understanding the chemical composition of coins and preserving cultural heritage treasures. It also provides deeper insights into the economic policies and activities of the Timurid period.