درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

این مقاله به بررسی رابطه بین ترجمه و متن اصلی در ترجمه ژان ژیونو با مشارکت لوسین ژاک و جان اسمیت از اثر معروف انگلیسی زبان موبی دیک می پردازد. در این مقاله می بینیم که به هنگام برگردان یک نوشته به زبان دیگر چگونه میل به نوشتار در مترجم ظهور می کند. آیا یک مترجم خود را در افق دید نویسنده اصلی قرار می دهد یا افق دید خود را بر متن ترجمه شده تحمیل می کند؟ ژیونو خود معتقد است که به هنگام ترجمه این کتاب به شدت تحت تاثیر آن قرار گرفت. در حالیکه افق دید این کتاب کاملاً متفاوت از افق دید ژیونوست و به عکس تاثیر خود را در آثار لوسین ژاک به جا گذاشته و در آثاری چون نبرد کوهستان، درود بر ملویل، پاره هایی از بهشت، رنگ و فضای کتاب موبی دیک را می بینیم.

Among the linguistic resources for creating grammatical metaphor, nominalization rewords processes and properties metaphorically as nouns within the experiential metafunction of language. Following Halliday's (1998a) classification of grammatical metaphor, the current study investigated nominalization exploited in an English applied linguistics textbook and its corresponding Persian translation. Selection of these textbooks was motivated by consulting 10 ELT professors. Analysis started by identifying nominalization instances and recurrent patterns of nominalization in the books through adopting a mixed approach. The frequency of nominal expressions was counted, and eventually chi-square was run to find out the probable significance of nominalization use in English and Persian academic text samples. The quantitative differences in using nominalization turned out to be significant, and results revealed variations in the ranking patterns of nominalization in both texts. Qualities as entities tended to recur more in English than in Persian. However, the noun to noun modifier was frequently exploited in the Persian translation. The similarities in the employment of nominalization patterns might reflect the awareness of both the author and the translator of the role of metadiscourse markers in scientific texts. The main reason for the differences lies in the matter that knowledge is realized in different languages. The findings of this study have implications for textbook writers, English for Academic Purposes students, and translators.

The present study is a theoretical attempt to illustrate how Fillmore's Scenes and Frames Semantics (SFS) could be employed as a framework to portray the process of understanding and translating hybrid texts. It first reviews the origin of SFS; then it maps SFS onto Nida’s linguistic model of translation process and the Interpretive Theory of Translation; it examines in the next section, within the framework of SFS, different forms of understanding and translating hybrid and pure texts with reference to the selection of linguistic frames and more importantly the activation of scenes. The paper explains all four processes of hybridization, dehybridization, rehybridization and hybridity preservation using SFS. The study concludes that, although hybridity is a complex phenomenon, Fillmore’s scenes and frames semantics can adequately explain and justify its different aspects and manifestations. Moreover, it revealed that understanding, seen in SFS model, has an element of individuality and this gives rise to a broader perspective on translation where there can potentially be as many valid translations as there are translators. This has significant implications for our conception, analysis and assessment of translation.