درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

In last decades, the skillful planning of land resources has become a major issue for rural development. The development of cultivated areas becomes gradually impossible due to ever increasing population growth and urban development. Fuzzy logic is preferred to Boolean logic for land evaluation, because fuzzy techniques lead to estimate for land use suitability on a continuous scale and can therefore, be more informative than the Boolean technique. The objective of this study is to apply fuzzy set methodology in the context of a decision making process known as the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to land evaluation for irrigated wheat. The results revealed that the results obtained with fuzzy AHP method are in better agreement (R2=0.911) with the observed yield as compared to those obtained with parametric method (R2=0.804). Although, the fuzzy AHP provided more efficient and accurate results than parametric method, the choice of membership functions, width of the transition zones and weight values are determinant to achieve its realistic results in land suitability assessment.

Creation of urban identity is the important subject in architecture and urban design. So, this article foci’s on the Creation of Identity in Urban context with Participation approach in Architecture and Urban Design. Corporate architecture is an architectonic discipline which focuses on designing and constructing buildings, spaces or environments with the aim of meeting the needs of a business community. Its objective is spatial perception of corporate values by the company’s employees and customers because for motivation and communication, conveying the corporate values and philosophy clearly is of essential significance for success. Place identity could best be understood as that which makes a place unique. The identity concept from the point of cities and architectural products includes a wide definition covering natural, geographical and cultural products and social life norms. Urban identity, architectural identity and the urban images about them are sometimes formed by very different components in a long period in urban space. In recent days, we often come across with the problem of cities to enter a new architectural and urban formation process in a dimension of losing their original identities. In this context; the city identity is formed in the togetherness of urban participation and natural and cultural values which are required to preserve, unique architectural and spatial characteristics, social accumulation and life style. City identity concept having spatial, social, cultural and economical dimensions should be handled with a totalitarian approach, it must be qualified as a collective result including the urban participation and every interaction which provided the city to reach social participates.

despite important role that has parties volition in the contract based on article 191, contract espousal will be achieve bused on advisable something that is under contract the important role that has silence in the contract may not be responsible but in practice has very legal effects for contract parties. Legal volition is formant from implication and adoption since silence is not, silence only can be symbolic adoption with possess qualification in the country low like American and England not taken in to account silence ancient proverb adhesion mark as a legal low, And only silence cannot obligatory implication.

In order to promote and improve the quality of educational spaces and achieving a comprehensive statistics, evaluation and analysis of schools neglected in most Iran’s schools, while educational spaces play an important role in the social and cultural structure and population growing and schools as one of the most basic educational centers, study on this field is important. Therefore, schools evaluation (in the Shahriar city as a case sample) plays an important role in raising the scientific level of a country and development of urban physical planning in the field of education. It supposed that the schools of Shahriar city in terms of population, area and other qualitative and quantitative aspects are far from per capita and standards of the country’s modernization organization, and according to this hypothesis, to what extent are schools far from relevant standards in terms of population growth, and what are solutions to fix and reform schools? This study is a descriptive - analytical and field study, to collect data, city education department; organization of schools renovation, journals and valid books and papers were used. Then, the date of Shahriar city’s schools to determine its distance from per capita standard was assessed and compared. The study result shows lack of schools area in term of population and per capita standard was about 310 thousand square meters in Shahriar city that will reach to 700 thousand square meters in the future 25 years.

The purpose of current article is to study the effect of sense of place on creating the urban identity in new cities. In order to fulfill the mentioned purpose, the key concepts of research and the theories related to the issue were studied. According to it, in order to collect the data, library method and note taking tool were used. The studies indicated the presence of human in the environment and the perceptions arising from physical-spatial structures, social-activity structures, individual-mental structures as the result of defining the meaning of environment convert the space's environment to the place. This definition of meaning has led to the positioning of person in the face of place and it is effective on the quality and quantity of his presence at present and future in that special place. This positioning has been expressed in the frame of sense of place and according to this sense, linking the person with the place is formed. This sense can be equal more and less for a set of persons in the frame of social groups. Different levels from indifference-placelessness to awareness, dependency, affection, commitment and finally loyalty and sacrifice are determined for sense of place. The sense of place is effective on formation of individual and social identity by linking the person to the place and also the dependency sense to the place. The identity of place is also influenced by the sense of place. In other words, individual identity can be found in the special and unique features of him/her and also in the features of a society in which he has been present as a member of it. A place that person is present is also added to the mentioned phrase and therefore, the identity of human will be influenced by individual, social and spatial features. Therefore, it can be said that citizenship identity is influenced by the identity of place and in wider interpretation spatial identity or identity of city.

Paper undertakes software based numerical simulations in two different traditional houses in cold-dry climate of Tabriz and hot-arid climate of Yazd, The Eco Test software chosen for BIM simulations. Case study on real houses instead of hypothetical models can give more tangible results and choosing traditional houses can provide a good opportunity to compare both physical and thermal conditions, in which zones have more dense walls than contemporary typical building wall. With high thermal mass and more surface to volume ratio, investigating the effect of U-value on interior conditions are more accurate. Comparative case studies in two different climatic zones of Iran can give researchers the opportunity to compare the importance of total U-value in two severe climates in Iran. In addition, it can give the designers the insight that what design priorities must be considered in each climate. Results show that the U-value in a hot arid climate of Yazd has a more direct effect in controlling interior comfort conditions, like fluctuations of temperature and variations of summer and winter temperatures, as well as variations of temperature in a single day and total energy need and consumption in both hot months and cold months of the year.