درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

خلاصه سازی متن در کلاس های رشته های مهندسی و تخصصی دانشگاه ها و موسسات صاحب نام و همچین در آزمون های بزرگ استخدامی و دولتی به خصوص در آی. ان. پی-اچ. بی یاموسوکرو جایگاه مهم و خاصی دارد. اما متاسفانه فرایند خلاصه سازی متن برای دانشجویا اغلب مشکل آفرین است. از میان مشکلات و نواقصی که وجود دارد، فرایند تفسیر عبارت برای دانشجویان و مدرسان دغدغه ای بسیار جدی و حقیقی است. موضوع اصلی پژوهش حاضر بررسی فرایندهای زبانشناختی است که قادرند متن را به سمت و سوی نوعی تفسیر عبارتی مطلوب رهنمون سازند. در پایان یک آزمون گرفته شده از دانشجویان، مشخص گردید که حداقل پنج متغیر از نمونه های ممکن تفسیر عبارت وجود دارد. این نتایج می تواند در جهت بهبود روش شناسی آموزش خلاصه سازی از متون به کار گرفته شود. اگرچه این موارد به هیچ روی نمی توانند کلیت روش های متفاوت بازگویی یک متن را که در عمل وجود دارد، در بر بگیرند.

Dynamic assessment (DA) which is rooted in Vygotsky’s (1978) sociocultural theory involves the integration of instruction and assessment in a dialectical way to achieve two main purposes: enhancing learners' development and understanding about their learning potential. However, the feasibility and appropriateness of mediation are two main concerns of DA. The former is concerned with the application of DA for a large number of students, while the latter is concerned with providing test takers with appropriate hints. The purpose of the current study was three-fold: to examine the difference between dynamic and nondynamic tests, to understand about test takers' potential for learning, and to find out how mediation works for high and low ability students. To achieve these aims, computer software was developed. The software is capable of both providing the test takers with graduated hints for each item automatically, and adapting the overall difficulty level of the test to the test takers' proficiency level. To test the efficiency of the software in employing dynamic assessment, 83 Iranian university students participated in the study. The results of the study indicated that the computerized dynamic test made significant contribution both to enhancing students' grammar ability and to obtaining information about their potential for learning. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that the use of dynamic assessment can simultaneously lead to the development of the test takers' ability and provide a more comprehensive picture of learning potential. Accordingly, teachers are recommended to use dynamic assessment to make more informed decisions about their students.

The present study sought to investigate the evidence for cross-linguistic transfer in a partial English immersion and non-immersion educational setting. To this end, a total of 145 first, third and fifth graders in a partial English immersion program and 95 students from the same grade levels in a non-immersion program were chosen. Six different English and Persian tests were administered: the Cambridge English for Young Learners (YLE) Test for Reading, a Persian reading achievement test, the English and Persian Phonological Awareness Sound Detection tests and the English and Persian Rapid Automatized Naming Tests. Given the nature of the research question and the design of this study, linear regression analysis was run through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings suggest that there is an apparent cross-linguistic transfer between English reading achievement and Persian cognitive predictors in both educational settings. Relatively speaking, Persian cognitive predictors can moderately predict English reading achievement in Grades 1 and 5 and can weakly predict English reading achievement in Grade 3.