حسن سلطانی

INTRODUCTION: Since proper planning for the supply, production, and distribution of medicines, especially in emergencies and humanitarian crises, relies on efficient and responsive management. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the policy-making of the supply, production, and distribution of medicines in the RCS. METHODS: In this descriptive-analytical study, all decision-makers, planners, and specialists of the RCS in the field of supply, production, and distribution of medicines were studied, and 365 people were selected and examined using a simple random sampling method and the Cochran formula. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed by experts and Cronbach's alpha (α=0.92). Data analysis was performed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) method in SmartPLS software. FINDINGS: Based on the findings, issues such as security and stability in drug supply, creating responsive and flexible structures in distribution, strategic planning and raw material supply chain management, facilitating and improving distribution and logistics processes, ensuring quality and standardizing production, fair and equitable distribution of drugs, developing purchasing infrastructure and new technologies, developing domestic capacities and self-sufficiency in production, continuous monitoring of the distribution process, effective monitoring and evaluation system, extensive coordination and cooperation with stakeholders, strategic and international cooperation, flexibility and accountability in production policies, flexibility in the purchasing process, and continuing research, development, and innovation in production, all have a positive and significant relationship with drug supply, production, and distribution policymaking in the IRCS. Also, all research hypotheses were confirmed (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results show that to improve processes, policymakers should pay special attention to infrastructure development, strategic partnerships, flexibility in policymaking, and strengthening domestic capacities.

In the contemporary day, where digital technologies profoundly impact all facets of human existence, effective policymaking in digital media is crucial. Considering the substantial influence of these media on public opinion, political and social communications, as well as their profound effects on cultural and economic aspects of societies, the imperative for a meticulous and exhaustive assessment of the policies implemented in this area is more evident. Given the intricate and multifaceted characteristics of digital media policymaking, the application of soft operational research methodologies can provide more thorough and agreeable outcomes. This research investigates the methodologies of soft systems and cognitive mapping as analytical instruments for assessing digital media policymaking. This methodology enables the identification of current concerns and issues, while also assessing capacities and potential for enhancement, thereby offering a thorough and pragmatic framework for effective policymaking in this domain. The data necessary for constructing the conceptual model of this research were obtained by examining prior studies and conducting comprehensive interviews with experts and specialists in digital media. In analyzing the present condition of the media and communication sector, a significant observation, akin to various social and cultural domains, is the occurrence of cultural lag, wherein the rapid progression of communication technologies has surpassed the capacity of society and policymakers to adjust and formulate suitable content strategies. This research indicates that modifications in the "content" domain are crucial for effective policymaking in digital media.

Rural tourism, with careful planning, can enhance the quality of life and create economic, social, and cultural benefits. The aim of this research was to present a sustainable rural tourism model with a focus on social capital. The research was applied in terms of its goal and qualitative in terms of methodology, based on the foundation data theory. The research was framed using a cognitive approach, utilizing various data collection methods such as library research, examination of specialized sources and texts, as well as semi-structured interviews. Fourteen elites, experts, and managers in tourism and rural area management were interviewed in 2023. The conducted interviews were coded using Atlas .t i software.

The grounded theory and structural analysis were employed in this study to propose an optimal policy model for cultural organizations at Iran’s Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts, and Tourism in the dimensions of flexibility, ethical appropriateness, and organizational benefit. This is a fundamental study with exploratory research designs. The statistical population of the qualitative section includes all faculty members, professors, and managers, whereas that of the quantitative section includes all the second-rate managers and employees of Iran’s Ministry of Cultural Heritage Data collection tools were interviews and questionnaires. According to the research findings, the optimal policy model for cultural organizations had a positive effect on flexibility. also had a positive effect on ethical appropriateness, through the grounded theory and structural analysis at the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Tourism. Finally, it had a positive effect on organizational benefit through the grounded theory and structural analysis at the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts, and Tourism.