مطالب

Purpose : The current research was conducted with the aim of validating the structural model of open data governance in line with the health of the administrative system in e-government in government organizations. Method : This research, with a practical purpose, was based on a descriptive survey implementation method. The statistical population of the research included the managers of the country's tax affairs organization and several university professors, all of whom (18 person) were selected as a statistical sample. The data collection tool in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire, and confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and Smart PLS software were used for data analysis. Findings : The results of the research show that the structural model of open data governance in the direction of administrative health in e-government at governmental organizations includes six components: platforms (with the dimensions of intra-organizational platforms and external platforms), strategies (with the dimensions of common strategies—internal and external—, intra-organizational strategies, and extra-organizational strategies), intervening conditions (with common dimensions—internal and external), causal category (with dimensions of internal-external organizational factors, individual and social factors), central category, and consequences (with common dimensions—internal and external). Conclusion : Intra-organizational and extra-organizational platforms have a positive and significant effect on common strategies. The strategies of this research have a positive and significant effect on the results. The impact of intervening conditions on the central category is positive and significant. The effect of the causal category of this research, including individual factors and social factors, on the central category, is negative and significant because the regression coefficient has become negative. The impact of the central category on strategies has become negative, but this impact is not significant.

Space and Identity in Cormac McCarthy's Blood Meridian: A Deleuze and Guattarian Reading Abstract This study explores the intricate relationship between space and identity in Cormac McCarthy's Blood Meridian, utilizing the geocritical concepts of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. By examining his novel, the study investigates how the interaction of smooth and striated spaces shapes and reshapes characters' identities. Through the lens of Deleuze and Guattari, the research highlights the fluidity and dynamism of spaces, focusing on the continuous interplay without rigid distinctions between space and place. As the integration of Deleuze and Guattari’s concepts of the war machine, nomad, and rhizome is essential to understanding the influence of space on characters' identity, this study begins with examining these key concepts. The rhizome concept parallels the non-linear, interconnected narrative structures in McCarthy's work in which the nomadic existence of characters underscores their search for meaning and survival in a world of constant flux. Through detailed analysis, this study aims to uncover the ways in which McCarthy's characters grapple with their identities amidst perpetual change, offering a nuanced understanding of the interplay between space and identity in contemporary literature. Keywords: Cormac McCarthy, Blood Meridian, Deleuze and Guattari's Geocriticism, Space, Identity

Based on Shulman's (1986) concept of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) emerged and became a helpful framework for comprehending the objectives of using technology in pre-service teacher training programs. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate Iranian pre-service EFL teachers’ (PSEFLTs) perceptions towards their TPACK regarding their gender and academic year of study. To this aim, 254 Iranian PSEFLTs across various academic years of study filled out a 39-item EFL TPACK questionnaire developed by Baser et al. (2016). The questionnaire included seven categories: Content Knowledge (CK), Pedagogical Knowledge (PK), Technology Knowledge (TK), PCK, Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK), Technological Content Knowledge (TCK), and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPCK). Based on the collected data, which were subjected to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and post-hoc analysis, it was found that PSEFLTs generally held mildly favorable perceptions towards their TPACK. Notably, the lowest mean score was observed for the TK component, while the component with the highest mean score was the CK component. In terms of the gender effect, statistically significant differences were found in the TK and TPCK dimensions, where males outscored females in both TK and TPCK and females outscored males in CK. Furthermore, an examination of the relationship between participants' TPACK and their academic years of study manifested a statistically significant difference primarily between freshmen and seniors. The results are expected to encourage curriculum planners to develop PSEFLTs’ training programs by integrating technology courses into the ELT curriculum.