مطالب

Existential positive psychology (EPP) views hardship and tension as inseparable from life. However, majority of the interpretations in language teaching context pertain to the bivariate view of well-being and ill-being, advocating that positivity and negativity are entirely distinct factors. Furthermore, most studies on teachers' psycho-emotional variables are theoretical, creating an urgent need for practical, action-based solutions. Addressing these gaps, researchers utilized an EPP perspective and investigated the effectiveness of a 14-day gratitude-based program on the fluctuations of 42 Iranian EFL teachers' existential gratitude, well-being, and ill-being through the Repeated Measures design. For 14 days, respondents practiced expressing gratitude to themselves, their learners, and others. At the end of each day, they filled out three questionnaires. The results of Repeated Measures ANOVA revealed that gratitude interventions could play a significant role in enhancing teachers’ well-being by helping them control ill-being and be grateful for their lives. Thus, the study evidenced the efficacy of gratitude, as a practical means of tending to teachers’ mental health. The study also contributed to EPP and L2 teaching by profiling the dialectical and co-valence relationship between teachers’ well-being and ill-being. Several theoretical and pedagogical implications and suggestions for future studies were also discussed.

In this research, first the financial criteria used in capital decision-making were identified and refined, then the most effective criteria were selected based on the deep learning algorithms including: RF, XGBoost, and LightGBM. In this stage, 11 factors were selected from the 35 factors found in previous research. In the next stage, based on the Forensic-Based Investigation algorithm (FBI), feasible investment options were identified and the internal rate of return was calculated over a 5-year period, and 42 companies that had an internal rate of return higher than the risk-free investment were selected as feasible investment options. During the next stage, different random combinations were used as investment portfolios using three methods: equal weight allocation, mean-variance model, and hierarchical risk preference model. Investment weights were determined for each invested share (combination) and investment returns were evaluated using different metrics. Finally, in order to validate the findings, the feasible investment options were divided into two categories of companies active in the financial industry and others, and the superiority of decision-making (higher returns) in a dynamic process was accepted.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of Building a Lasting Connection Premarital Program on Marital Engagement, Emotional Security, and Literacy of couples during marriage. Methods:  The method of this research is a pre-test-post-test semi-experimental with a control group, and the statistical population includes all married couples in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad who have been married for at least 6 months. From the research population, 24 couples were selected based on the available sampling method and then randomly assigned to groups. Participants in the experimental group received 5 2-hour training sessions on the sustainable link-building program, whereas participants in the control group received no training. The tools used included the Marital Participation Questionnaire, the Revised Emotional Security Questionnaire (ISQ-R), and the Iranian Family Psychological Functioning Scale (IFPFS). SPSS 26 statistical software, descriptive statistics, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used for data analysis. Results: According to the present study, the Building a Lasting Connection training program improved marital engagement, emotional security, and couples' literacy during marriage among participants in the experimental group compared with the control group. The effect sizes for the variables of marital engagement, emotional security, and couples' literacy were 0.759 (p<0.001), 0.835 (p<0.001), and 0.745 (p<0.001), respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, the premarital educational program, grounded in the model of building a lasting connection during the marriage period, can help improve couples' relationships on the eve of marriage.

Grief over the sufferings of Imam Ḥusayn (AS) stands as one of the most profound manifestations of spiritual life within the Shi‘i tradition; rooted in divine love and Walāya based knowledge, this grief embodies a transformative spiritual reality often overlooked in common religious understandings, where it is reduced to the level of mere emotion and its epistemic, ethical, and mystical dimensions are neglected. Drawing upon hadith sources and mystical literature, this study contends that Ḥusaynī grief is not a passive emotional state but an intentional and elevating spiritual praxis that releases the seeker from egocentrism and heedlessness and guides them along the path of self-purification and nearness to God. The findings indicate that grief for Imam Ḥusayn (AS) initially leads to the abandonment of sin and the cleansing of its traces from the believer’s soul, thereby preparing the heart to receive divine light. As inner purification deepens, spiritual discipline and commitment to the Sharī‘a become more firmly rooted, refining the seeker’s moral conduct. Ultimately, through spiritual attraction and self-effacement, the seeker attains a state of longing for intimate supplication and sincerity in intention and action, both of which form the foundation of the mystical journey. This spiritual condition facilitates access to wisdom, divine favor, and proximity to God. In its culmination, this trajectory results in divine assistance at the moment of death and intercession in the Hereafter, revealing the full mercy and Walāy a of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) in the life of the believer.

Due to the significance of hadith in Islamic sciences such as jurisprudence, exegesis, theology, and history, its understanding requires the application of proper principles of hadith interpretation. This paper aims to provide a methodical understanding of the hadith: "It is not permissible for anyone to marry two of the children of Fāṭimah (SA) simultaneously" in light of the Qur’an, with a focus on the perspectives of Shaykh Yūsuf Baḥrānī, an Akhbārī scholar, and Wahid Behbahani, a Uṣūlī scholar. Research indicates that no independent study has yet been conducted on this subject. This hadith forms the basis of the Akhbārī ruling on the prohibition of marrying two women from the descendants of the Prophet simultaneously, while Uṣūlīs have deemed such marriage disliked (Makrūh). After examining the chain of narration (Isnād) and text (Matn) of the hadith, and comparing it with the Qur’an using a descriptive-analytical method, it was found that Shaykh Yūsuf Baḥrānī considers the Isnād authentic and believes that the text, based on its apparent meaning, indicates prohibition. Consequently, marrying two women from the descendants of the Prophet simultaneously is considered haram. On the other hand, Wahid Behbahani maintains that such marriage is not prohibited. By tracing the historical development of the prohibition, beginning with Shaykh Ja’far Baḥrānī and later Shaykh Ḥurr ʻĀmilī, and comparing Shaykh Yūsuf Baḥrānī’s view with that of Wahid Behbahani, the author concludes that: "The Isnād of the hadith is weak; considering the contextual indicators and the distinction between hardship and harm, the Matn does not indicate prohibition." Therefore, it can be argued that Wahid Behbahani’s perspective is more consistent with the Qur’an and established scholarly principles.

The tradition of writing commentaries on Nahj al-Balāgha is a mirror reflecting the intellectual, political, and social transformations of Islamic societies. Despite numerous bibliographic studies, a systematic analysis of this trajectory in relation to its discursive contexts remains absent. Employing the "Social history of knowledge" approach and drawing on Skinner’s contextual hermeneutic method, this study investigates the metamorphosis of this tradition during the neglected period from the fall of the Safavids to the eve of the Iranian Islamic Revolution.The findings indicate that this trajectory experienced two clearly distinct stages. First, the "Period of stagnation," (post-Safavid to the eve of the Constitutional era) during which, under the dominance of Akhbārism and political despotism, Nahjal-Balāgha shifted from a comprehensive text to a "Mirror for princes," serving the function of "Consolidating power" and advising rulers; second, the "Period of renaissance," (from the Constitutional era to the Revolution) in which, with the emergence of the Samarra School and the encounter with modernity, an "Epistemic rupture" occurred. In this era, Nahj al-Balāgha became a tool for the "Delegitimization of despotism" and the "Foundation of political theology." Methodologically, there was also a fundamental shift from "Sequential-lexical commentary" to "Systematic analysis" aimed at extracting a coherent intellectual school from Nahj al-Balāgha . The study concludes that developments in commentary writing constitute a key indicator for tracing the transition of Shiʿi thought from "Individual ethics" to "Political jurisprudence" in the modern period.