درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Corporate investment decisions are determined by a variety of factors, including various managerial measures, including overconfidence of managers, which are important determinants of corporate investment decisions. Most corporate executives prefer internal financing, but if internal resources are not sufficient to meet this need, they use external resources with the least degree of information asymmetry. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of managerial overconfidence on investment and the moderating effect of the internal financing method is on their relationship. The study consisted of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2011 to 2016 and using a systematic elimination sampling method, 97 companies were selected. To investigate the research hypotheses, EVIEWS software and panel data regression method was used. The results of the research showed that managers’ overconfidence has a positive and significant effect on investment as well as underinvestment, but internal financing does not have a significant effect on the relationship between the overconfidence of managers and investment as well over-investment. But the effect of internal financing on the relationship between managers’ overconfidence and underinvestment was a significant positive. Finally, it became clear that internal financing had a significant negative impact on investment and over-investment.

Today, the strategy of outsourcing management, in economic enterprises and especially in government organizations, is one of the most important issues in the field of procurement chain management and Strategic Alliance Management. This issue is of special importance in public organizations and institutions. Because these organizations usually have a wide range of missions and supply chains, and according to macro policies and strategies, they need a comprehensive plan for outsourcing. Despite this importance, few studies have addressed the models of outsourcing development in firms. The purpose of this paper is to explain the model of outsourcing development management in the oil and gas industry, based on using content analysis method and deductive approach to the theoretical framework developed in practice through case analysis in Iranian Gas Transmission Company as the company with the most physical assets control on Iran. With this aim, the information required for the research, in addition to the researchers' observation and reviewing the related documents, was obtained through interviews with a significant population of senior managers and experts in the Iranian oil and gas industry. Using theme analysis method, this information was analyzed and the expected situation of the outsourcing development management in the industry, and the impact and interactions, were described and explained.

The purpose of this research is to present a structural equation model for ethical competence in electronic banking. The research is descriptive and conducted through a survey. In the qualitative phase, the statistical population includes professors and experts in the field of electronic banking and also senior managers working in Tejarat Bank. They have been chosen using purposeful sampling technique and the data collection reached saturation after 11 interviews. In the quantitative phase, based on krejcie and Morgan table, among 435 experts in charge of marketing and modern services in Tejart Bank, 205 are chosen by simple random sampling method. The data collection instruments in qualitative phase are the two semi-structured interview and document review approaches. In quantitative phase, samples fill out made-questionnaires. Results suggest that the ethical competence model in electronic banking consists of 3 dimensions (beneficiaries, social responsibility and information technology), 9 major components (employees, shareholders, clients, rivals, ethical responsibility, economical responsibility, voluntary responsibility, legal responsibility and information technology) and 56 minor components.

The purpose of the current work, conducted in 2017 and 2018, is to identify andprioritize the qualitative and quantitative factors affecting human resources(HR) valuation at National Iranian Oil Company and its subsidiaries. Using asnowball sampling method, 28 experts were selected from the head of humanresources, the head of finance, and some staff members of National IranianOil Company and its subsidiaries. In order to identify the dimensions andcomponents affecting human resources valuation, a comprehensive literaturereview at international and national levels, interviews with experts, andthree stages of distribution and collection of questionnaires using the FuzzyDelphi method were performed. Then, two phases of the paired comparisonquestionnaire were developed and provided for the experts to explain andevaluate the cause-and-effect relationships between the dimensions andthe components together. The specified components and dimensions wereprioritized using the Fuzzy DEMATEL method. Using the Fuzzy Delphimethod, 15 dimensions and 101 components influencing HR valuation wereidentified at National Iranian Oil Company and its affiliated companies.According to Pareto 20-80, 20 components were identified as the factorsinfluencing human resources valuation at National Iranian Oil Company andits subsidiaries, and using the Fuzzy DEMATEL method, 15 dimensionsand 20 specified components were prioritized. According to the resultsobtained, the most important dimension and component affecting humanresources valuation at National Iranian Oil Company and its subsidiaries arejob satisfaction, motivation, and perseverance in employees’ assignments.

The most important policymaker entity in the bank-centered economy of Iran is central bank of Islamic Republic of Iran which has always been trying to manage and improve macroeconomic indicators by applying monetary policies. However, investigation of Iran's economy after four decades shows that this country has always suffered from double-digit inflation rates and 15000-fold liquidity throughout this period, while GDP of Iran has grown only by two times during this period. This paper tries to evaluate the effect of monetary policies of central bank on macroeconomic indicators by analytical-descriptive and library method via combining system dynamics and fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making using Vensim and Super Decision software. Monetary policy instruments in this re-search include foreign exchange rate, deposits interest rate, facilities interest rate, required reserve ratio, and open market operations. Further, the macroeconomic indicators include inflation, liquidity, national foreign exchange value, and eco-nomic growth. The results indicated that the most important macroeconomic indi-cators in the country according to economic experts are "national foreign ex-change value" and "inflation". The most important tool for monetary policies of central bank is "foreign exchange rate". Indeed, in order to improve the economic misery index, this bank should take measures to improve the national foreign exchange value, then manage inflation and liquidity, and eventually adjust the banking interest rate