درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Introduction: This research aimed the effectiveness the dimensions of university education on women's social resilience to develop small and medium enterprises. Methodology: The research was applied in terms of purpose and an exploratory blend in terms of the method type. The statistical population of the study in the qualitative section of the research included all faculty members, and in the quantitative phase, all female graduates of the Governmental and Azad universities in Babolsar, Ramsar, Babol, Behshahr, Joybar, Chalous, Sari, Savadkouh, Noor, Noshahr, Neka, Amol, Tonekabon, Ghaemshahr, and محمودabad. Through the qualitative section, the purposeful sampling method was utilized and the sample size was determined based on the saturation law of 15 individuals. In the quantitative section regarding the unlimited size of the society, 384 individuals were selected as sample using the cluster random sampling method. The measurement tool consisted of two researcher-made questionnaires based on the data obtained from theoretical foundations and interviews with the due experts in which included a 28 questions on university education with the aim of identifying small and medium enterprises and 35 questions on social resilience. In order to analyze the data, in addition to the encoding, the descriptive statistics indices (mean and standard deviation) and the inferential statistics indices (confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis) were used in the framework of structural equations using the SPSS21 and Amos software. Findings: The results of structural equations showed that entrepreneurship education, university in-service training programs, virtual education, formal education, side skills training, and basic work and theoretical education affect the social resilience of graduated women. In addition, according to the standardized regression coefficients (β), in-service training programs with an impact level of 0.510 had the most impact and formal education with the effect of 0.264 had the least effect on the social resilience of female graduates of Universities of Mazandaran. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, the decision makers and the appropriate policies of the university administrators help to make more and better university education to promote social resilience of their students.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Stress Coping Skills Training on Mindfulness of Female students. Methodology: This quasi-experimental study was carried out in a pre-test and post-test design with control group. Sixty-nine students were selected from among the girls of the 9th grade in Tehran during the academic year of 2017-18 and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The Mindfulness Questionnaire (Baer & et al., 2006) was performed in the pre-test phase and after training the skills of confronting stress with the experimental group, the questionnaire was repeated on both groups. Data analysis was done by SPSS19 software in two parts: descriptive and inferential (covariance). Findings: The results showed that by controlling the effect of pre-test, the mind-consciousness scores of the experimental group significantly increased in the post-test phase. The results show that the teaching of skills to confront mind-tone stress increases students' awareness. Learning these skills will increase the decentralization and dare of students' exposure to stressful thoughts, which leads to higher awareness. Also, stress coping skills lead to cognitive reform and the ability to manage themselves, and subsequently their minds increase. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be said that teaching strategies for coping with stressful situations are an effective way to increase students' mindfulness.

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between social health and the usage of social networks among the parents of female students in Baharestan. Methodology: For this purpose, 370 parents (172 males and 198 females) were selected randomly through cluster sampling based on kerjeci & Morgan's table. Then, the social health questionnaire developed by Keyes and Shapiro (2004) and social networks using questionnaire which is a researcher-made questionnaire was completed. Findings: The results of convergent and divergent validity, composite reliability, Cronbach's alpha, average variance extracted, factor analysis, Stone-Geisser's criterion, goodness of fit, and independent t-test revealed that there was a significant relationship between all the components of social health (i.e. social integration, social coherence, social actualization, social acceptance, and social contribution) and the usage of social networks. Accordingly, social health explains 42% of the usage of social networks. As regards the components, the percentages are social integration (86%), social coherence (52%), social actualization (25%), social acceptance (44%), and social contribution (36%). In addition, no significant relationship was found between gender and usage. There was a positive and significant relationship between virtual social network and the components of physical health and general health scales, physical function, physical role, and physical pain. Social health refers to how a person's relationship is with others in a society is, or to his socialization. Conclusion: social health is one of the three components (plus physical and mental health) of general health

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the personality characteristics of single-child, two-child and multiple-child students in Sari. Methodology: This study was a descriptive-comparative study. The statistical population of this study included all male and female students of first, second and third grade high schools of public and private schools in Sari in the academic year of 2018-19. The sample of the study population was 370 people using random sampling method based on Morgan table. In order to predict the decrease of subjects, the tests were performed on 500 people, but finally 324 questionnaires were completed. Demographic and personality questionnaires were completed by the 5-item Neo. Data was analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance at the significant level of 0.05. Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the characteristics of neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness of students belonging to single-parent, two-parent and multi-child families (p <0.05). Also, no significant gender differences were found among the five personality traits of male and female students of single, two and multiple children (p <0.05). Conclusion: Student personality traits of single-child, two-child and multiple-child families. Happiness, life satisfaction and hope for the future are higher in single-parent families than single-parent families. In the present study, the agreement and extraversion of single children were higher than two children and multi children. Extraversion also includes traits such as positive thinking, happiness, life satisfaction and hope for the future. To illustrate this incongruity, it can be stated that single children in their families do not have conflicts with their peers and always remain in the strong position of the first child who has no successor and who has not been affected by the birth of the next child. Cause higher extravasation of this stratum.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare social interaction and communication in autistic children with the approach of architectural spaces and ordinary centers. Methodology: The data were causal-comparative. The statistical population was all children with autism in centers with architectural spaces approach and children with autism in normal centers of Tehran. The statistical sample consisted of 3 centers with architectural approach and 3 normal centers selected by available sampling method. Data collection was done based on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (GARS) and Edited Autism Checklist in Toddlers (M-CHAT) Robins, Feln & Barton (1999). Data analysis was performed by SPSS software in descriptive and inferential statistics at the significant level of 0.05 using independent t-test. Findings: According to the data analysis, the significance level in both variables of the study is greater than 0.05, which means that the scores of social interaction variables and the relationship of both groups follow the normal distribution. Independent t-test was then used to compare the mean social interaction of children with autism with the centers of architecture spaces and ordinary centers and showed that the obtained t was significant at the level of 0.01. Therefore, the null hypothesis can be rejected at the level of 0.01 in favor of the research hypothesis and with 99% confidence that there is a significant difference in social interaction between the two groups. Comparison of means indicates that social interaction of children with autism in architectural centers is higher than that of children with autism in normal centers. Conclusion: Social interaction and communication rate in children with autism in centers with architecture approach were more than children with autism in normal centers. As the number of these children is increasing, especially in Iran, it seems necessary to design centers and spaces appropriate to the needs of these children.