فیلترهای جستجو:
فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۲۰۱ تا ۲۲۰ مورد از کل ۱۰٬۳۰۳ مورد.
منبع:
Iranian Journal of Applied Language Studies,Vol ۱۶, No. ۲, ۲۰۲۴
145 - 156
حوزههای تخصصی:
The present study explored the effects of voicing and place of articulation on voice onset time (VOT) and fundamental frequency (F0) of onset of Persian oral plosives uttered by normal hearing (NH) and hearing-impaired (HI) children. Twenty-one NH children and twenty-one HI children matched for age and gender took part in this study. The participants were asked to repeat 36 CV words including all eight Persian plosives (/p/, /t/, /k/, /c/, /b/, /d/, /g/, /Ɉ/) in combination with the vowel /æ/. All syllables were recorded in a nearly sound-proof room using PRAAT Software. Independent samples t-test was used to compare the groups across gender. The results revealed: (a) HI children had higher VOT and F0 of onset values in nearly all aspects except for VOT and F0 onset of voiced plosives and F0 onset of alveolar and velar plosives; (b) both groups of girls had higher VOT values than boys did; (c) VOT is affected by the place of articulation and F0 is related to voiced-voiceless classification of plosives. Overall, NH children were able to distinguish and produce sounds more correctly, implying that HI children need further training. The study has implications for speech therapists, clinical linguists, and application designers to focus on speech sounds which are challenging for HI children to produce.
متمم های ریشهه dā در زبان اوستایی و فارسی باستان(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
در زبان های ایرانی دوره باستان (اوستایی و فارسی باستان) علاوه بر ساختمان تصریفی می توان روابط نحوی و نقش های معنایی هر یک از حالت های دستوری و حاشیه ای را بررسی کرد. در این زبان ها، متمم های فعل که می توانند اسم، صفت و یا ضمیر باشند، از طریق حالت نشانی بازنمایی می شوند که با توجه به فعل بر نقش های گوناگونی دلالت دارند. بازنمایی متمم های فعل و کارکرد حالت ها با افعال مختلف، تاکنون جز اشاراتی مختصر، مورد توجه محققان این حوزه نبوده است. به این دلیل، بررسی این موضوع در زبان های ایرانی باستان قدری مغفول مانده است. از این رو، در این نوشتار به بررسی متمم های یکی از ریشه های فعلی پرکاربرد و پربسامد زبان اوستایی، dā، پرداخته می شود که در متون اوستایی بیشتر در معانی دادن، آفریدن و قراردادن و در کتیبه های فارسی باستان با بسامدی کم در معانی آفریدن و دادن آمده است. چنانکه از بررسی جملات حاوی ریشه dā برآمد، متمم های این ریشه، با توجه به معنی و بافت جمله در زبان فارسی باستان در حالت های مفعولی و برایی و در زبان اوستایی در حالت های مفعولی، برایی، اضافی و دری در نقش های معنایی متعددی چون موضوع/ کنش پذیر، پذیرنده، بهره ور، تمیز و مکان ظاهر شده اند.
مقایسه چگونگی جایگزینی واکه های کوتاهِ وام واژه های انگلیسی و عربی در زبان فارسی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
زبان شناسی و گویش های خراسان سال ۱۶ تابستان ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۳۵
127 - 107
حوزههای تخصصی:
جایگزینی یک واجِ زبان وام دهنده با نزدیک ترین آوای موجود در زبان وام گیرنده «جایگزینی واج» نامیده می شود. زبان های انگلیسی و عربی به طور مشترک دارای واکه های افراشته کوتاه /I/ و /U/ هستند که زبان فارسی فاقد آن هاست. هدف این پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی که در چارچوب نظریه بهینگی(پرینس و اسمولنسکی، 1993 /2004) انجام شده، مقایسه و تبیین چگونگی جایگزینی این دو واکه در وام واژه های انگلیسی و عربی است. یافته های پژوهش پیشِ رو نشان می دهد دو واکه کوتاه /I/ و /U/ در وام واژه های انگلیسی به ترتیب به نزدیک ترین واکه ها یعنی واکه های افراشته کشیده [i] و [u] تبدیل می شوند. ولی این دو واکه کوتاه در وام واژه های عربی به ترتیب به واکه های نیم افراشته کوتاه [e] و [o] تبدیل می شوند؛ زیرا شیوه تلفظ دو واکه کوتاه /I/ و /U/ به نشانه های نویسه ای کسره و ضمه در زبان فارسی بستگی دارد؛ درحالی که کسره و ضمه در زبان عربی به ترتیب به صورت دو واکه افراشته کوتاه /I/ و /U/ تلفظ می شوند، در زبان فارسی به ترتیب به صورت دو واکه نیم افراشته کوتاه [e] و [o] تبدیل می شوند. بنابراین تحلیل تلفظ کسره و ضمه با بهره گیری از محدودیت های نویسه ای که به اطلاعات نویسه ای دسترسی دارند انجام شد. این محدودیت ها ایجاب می کنند که کسره و ضمه در زبان فارسی همیشه به ترتیب باید به صورت [e] و [o] تلفظ بشوند.
بررسی تکیه در افعال زبان کردی ایلامی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
تکیه یکی از مقوله های مهم واج شناختی و مربوط به هجاست. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تکیه در افعال زبان کردی ایلامی در چارچوب نظریه وزنی هیز (1995) است. برای انجام این پژوهش، تعداد 10 کلمه از مقوله نحوی فعل انتخاب شد و پنج گویشورِ کرد زبان مرد با میانگین سنی 40 تا 60 سال و توانایی خواندن و نوشتن در سطح ابتدایی آن ها را تلفظ کردند. گویشوران هر کلمه را سه بار ادا کردند. مجموع 150 طیف نگاشت با استفاده از نرم افزار Praat به دست آمد و بررسی شد. براساس واکه های موجود در هر کلمه بسامد پایه، شدت و دیرش تا سه رقم اعشار اندازه گیری شد. سپس با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS تجزیه وتحلیل آماری انجام گرفت و با برنامه Excel گراف هایی برای آن ها رسم شد. در بررسی داده ها، برای تحلیل های آماری از آزمون هایی مانند کلموگروف اسمیرنوف، تی وابسته یا تی زوجی، ویلکاکسون و اندازه گیری های مکرر استفاده شد. نتایج به دست آمده به این شرح است: در زبان کردی ایلامی، عامل ایجادکننده تکیه واژگانی، همبسته آکوستیکی بسامد پایه است. در این زبان جایگاه تکیه، روی یکی از هجاهای ابتدایی کلمات است.
پژوهشی پیرامون کتب درسی زبان انگلیسی مدارس ایران از حیث شمول مؤلّفه های دستور گفتاری زبان انگلیسی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
نویافته های حوزه زبان شناسی رایانشی حکایت از منحصربه فرد بودن بعضی از عناصر دستور گفتاری زبان انگلیسی و تمایز آن از مقوله های گونه نوشتاری آن دارد. پژوهش فعلی کوشیده تا با اتخاذ روش تحلیل محتوا و کاربست چهارچوب تحلیلی کالن و کوو (۲۰۰۷) و تیمیس (۲۰۰۵)، به کتاب های آموزش زبان انگلیسی در مدارس ایران، نشان دهد که مجموعه های فوق تا چه حد از موارد دستور گفتاری زبان انگلیسی استفاده نموده و به چه میزان در فرآیند تدریس به آنها پرداخته شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که عمده عناصر دستور گفتاری مورد استفاده در کتاب ها متعلق به طبقه دوم چهارچوب کالن و کوو، یعنی عناصر واژگانی-دستوری ثابت و غیرمولد، می باشد و نمود عناصر طبقه اول، یعنی عناصر مولدی که شکل آن ها متناسب با بافت جمله تغییر می کند، در آن ها اندک است. از بعد پرداخت به تدریس این مصادیق، تحلیل فعالیت های کتب درسی بر اساس چهارچوب تیمیس (2005) نیز حاکی از آن بود که از چهار نوع فعالیت جهت تدریس و پرداختن به دستور گفتاری زبان انگلیسی تنها به اصل "درک کلی" در فعالیت ها پرداخته شده و به اصل "بحث زبانی" تنها یک مورد فعالیت در کتاب راهنمای معلم Vision 1 اشاره شده گردیده و به دواصل دیگر توجهی نشده است. لذا، به طور کل میزان پرداخت و اهمیت دستور گفتاری زبان انگلیسی بررسی شده بسیار محدود ارزیابی می شود.
Considerations and Praxis of Exploratory Factor Analysis: Implications for L2 Research(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
Second language (L2) researchers often rely on quantitative methods and measurement instruments like questionnaires and scales to explore latent constructs. They usually borrow sophisticated statistical techniques from disciplines like psychology and education to conduct quantitative analyses in L2 research. However, there are growing concerns about the inappropriate use and reporting practices of such statistical procedures like exploratory factor analysis (EFA). This study aimed to describe and evaluate the methodological issues in EFA research practices, examine the relationship between study features and outcomes, and improve future L2 research practices. This study presented the results of a methodological synthesis study on exploratory factor analysis use published in five universally reputable psychology-related journals since 2000. Specifically, the researchers identified 93 EFA studies and developed a coding scheme of key EFA considerations to analyze how EFA was used and reported in these articles. The article discussed the several results and provides essential recommendations for L2 researchers intending to employ EFA in their works.
Attaining C1-level Scores in TOEFL iBT: From Challenges to Needs
حوزههای تخصصی:
This study sought to identify the challenges and needs of TOEFL iBT candidates in achieving C1 level scores in the speaking and writing sections of the exam. To this end, the researcher employed a mixed-method approach to collect data from a population of 46 students, both male and female, between the ages of 22 to 30. The participants were enrolled in two TOEFL preparation classes at Universidad Nacional de Educación. The data were collected through a survey, class observations, and TOEFL speaking and writing mock tests, and were subsequently analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The findings indicated that the participants encountered challenges in discussing unfamiliar topics fluently, struggled with producing language at the C1 level while employing a variety of grammar and vocabulary, and demonstrated reduced accuracy due to influences from their first language (L1). To address these challenges, it is recommended to offer a bridging course prior to exam preparation courses wherein the primary focus is devoted to enhancing candidates’ accuracy and communicative competence in discussing unfamiliar topics through corrective feedback. The findings of this study could offer valuable insights to TOEFL iBT test preparation instructors, enabling them to better understand the challenges students face and plan strategies to address these challenges effectively within preparation courses.
Expanding Novice and Experienced Iranian EFL Teachers’ Assessment Identity Landscape: Does Online Explicit Instruction Make a Difference?
حوزههای تخصصی:
Teacher assessment identity (TAI) is an integral element of quality assessment practice and professionalism, which has been widely overlooked in teacher education research. To bridge this gap, the present study explored the dynamism of TAI through an explicit training course. To do so, 22 novice and experienced Iranian EFL teachers completed a questionnaire on TAI before and after the course. Then both novice and experienced teachers attended a 16-hour treatment in which various assessment dimensions were taught. The participants also completed tasks reflecting TAI components. Moreover, five novice and five experienced EFL teachers were interviewed. The results of the independent samples t-test indicated that novice and experienced Iranian EFL teachers did not significantly differ regarding their assessment identity before and after the treatment despite improvements in their mean scores. However, the results of paired samples t-test revealed that the formal intervention has developed the TAI of both novice and experienced groups. This was substantiated by qualitative findings which demonstrated that, owing to the training, novice teachers manifested TAI in 16 domains while experienced teachers showed their identity as assessors in five domains. The study offers promising implications for EFL teachers and trainers, who can realize the dynamism of TAI and its core dimensions in light of instruction.
Perceptual (mis)matches between learners’ and teachers’ rating criteria in the Iranian EFL writing self-assessment context
حوزههای تخصصی:
As a formative assessment procedure, self-assessment aims to converge learners’ and teachers’ views in assessment. Hence, reducing the perceptual mismatches between the learners’ and the teachers’ assessment would positively affect the learning process. For this aim, the present study investigated to what extent the learners’ assessment of their writing before and after being provided with a list of rating criteria, agrees that of their teachers. Therefore, a body of 6 EFL writing teachers and 27 EFL learners participated in this study. The learners were asked to rate their writing before and after being provided with rating criteria developed by the researchers. The teachers also rated the students’ writings following the same criteria. The obtained results showed a significant difference between the students' scores on the first and second assessment occasions. The teachers’ and the students’ assessment on the second time also were found to significantly correlate. Moreover, the analysis of the students’ comments showed that while they rated their writing on some limited aspects of writing in the first rating occasion, they assessed their essays using more components in the second assessment phase. Overall, the findings revealed that providing the learners with rating criteria would not only reduce the perceptual mistaches between the students’ and the teachers’ assessment but through involving the students’ voices in their assessment would promote democratic classroom assessment. Pedagogical implications of the study are discussed.
The Relationships between EFL Students’ Cultural Intelligence, Emo-Sensory Intelligence, Language Learning Strategies, and English Language Achievement(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
The present research was targeted toward examining the relationship between cultural intelligence (CQ), emo-sensory intelligence (ESQ), language learning strategies (LLS), and students’ language achievement (LA). A number of 300 EFL Iraqi students studying at the English Language Department of AL-Qadisiyah University, Iraq was selected through convenience sampling. The participants filled out the cultural intelligence questionnaire, emo-sensory intelligence scale, and the language learning strategy inventory. Students’ final scores were used as a means through which their language achievement could be gauged. The data were analyzed using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis. The findings indicated a significant relationship between ESQ, CQ, learning strategies, and students’ language achievement. In addition, it was found that CQ and language learners’ strategy could directly predict the language achievement of Iraqi EFL learners. ESQ, could only predict language learners’ achievement through the mediation of language learning strategies.
Gamification and the Duality of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
This study aimed to investigate the influence of a gamification-enhanced language classroom within the context of Moodle in promoting extrinsic and intrinsic motivational attributes of language learners. A total of 220 language learners from different universities in Iran were recruited as the participants and randomly assigned to the gamification-enhanced (n= 114) and control groups (n= 106). Over the eight weeks of treatment, the experimental group members were taught using various gamified tasks and activities through the gamified Moodle LMS. A motivational orientation scale was administered before and after the intervention. The results of ANCOVAs demonstrated a significant boost in the extrinsic motivation of language learners, including external, introjected, and identified regulation. Furthermore, the study confirmed that the integration of gamification has resulted in a higher level of intrinsic motivation for the participants in the areas of knowledge, accomplishment, and stimulation. The relevant pedagogical implications and directions for future studies are discussed.
پازند در دستنویس های خرده اوستا(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
زبانشناخت سال ۱۵ بهار و تابستان ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۱ (پیاپی ۲۹)
223-248
حوزههای تخصصی:
جز در موارد اندک، شرح و تفسیر متون اوستایی به پازند چندان نیست و جایگاهی در پیکره متون موجود ندارد. پیوند پازند و اوستا بیشتر به خرده اوستا بر می گردد. خرده اوستا متنی است که برای عامه مردم فراهم آمده است. همین ویژگی مردمی بودن سبب شده است تا صورت ها و روایت های مختلفی از آن به فراخور نیاز کاربران در طی روزگاران پدید آید. در هر دستنویس دعاها و نیایش ها افزوده یا کاسته شده اند. این افزوده ها یا متون پیرامونی به پهلوی، پازند، فارسی و حتی گجراتی دیده می شوند و جغرافیای گسترده کاربران خرده اوستا را نشان دهند. گفتار پیش رو برآن است تا خطوط کلی متن های پازند درون دستنویس های خرده اوستا را شناسایی و معرفی کند.
Mapping the Semiotic Landscape in Education: Language, Multimodality, and Educational Transformation(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
جستارهای زبانی دوره ۱۵ آذر و دی ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۵ (پیاپی ۸۳)
283 - 311
حوزههای تخصصی:
This bibliometric analysis explores the integration of semiotics within educational contexts, highlighting a transformative shift towards multifaceted understandings of knowledge construction through language, multimodality, and educational transformation. Drawing on 1823 publications from the Web of Science database, this study employs both co-citation and co-word analysis to reveal prevalent themes and keywords in the field of semiotics in education. The co-citation analysis highlights the evolution of semiotic theories and their application in educational practices, from foundational concepts introduced by pioneers such as Saussure and Peirce to modern interpretations that consider the impact of digital technologies on semiotic resources. Co-word analysis, on the other hand, uncovers key research topics such as multimodality, multiliteracies, and the role of technology in mediating semiotic learning processes. This investigation is novel in its comprehensive approach to mapping the semiotic landscape in education through bibliometric methods, offering insights into how semiotic theories shape educational practices and outcomes, especially in language teaching and learning. By synthesizing findings from diverse research clusters, this study emphasizes the importance of adopting a multidisciplinary approach to understand the dynamic interaction between semiotics, technology, and learning. It contributes to advancing educational research by highlighting the transformative potential of semiotics in crafting more engaging, inclusive, and effective learning environments in the digital era.
توانش بین فرهنگی دانشجویان بین المللی تحلیل کیفی محتوای کتاب فرهنگ برای یادگیرندگان زبان فرانسه(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
ارتباط میان زبان و فرهنگ نه تنها از موضوعات اصلی محققان حوزه آموزش زبان است، بلکه از موضوعات مورد توجه در مطالعات حوزه بین المللی سازی آموزش عالی به منظور کاهش چالش های فرهنگی دانشجویان بین المللی در کشور مقصد به شمار می رود. هدف از انجام پژوهش کیفی حاضر، تحلیل کتاب آموزشی فرهنگ به یادگیرندگان سطح مقدماتی زبان فرانسه از دیدگاه توانش بین فرهنگی با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی است. کتاب به آموزش فرهنگ فرانسه و فرانکوفونی با هدف ارتقای سازگاری دانشجویان خارجی در کشور فرانسه اختصاص دارد. براساس یافته ها، کتاب با تمرکز بر «فرهنگ اختصاصی کشور هدف»، حول دو حوزه اصلی فرهنگ عام فرانسه و فرهنگ روزمره فرانسویان، نقش مؤثری در ارتقای «دانش فرهنگی» دانشجویان خارجی درباره کشور فرانسه ایفا می کند. کتاب اگرچه با ایجاد فضایی برای تحلیل و تفسیر «فرهنگ فرانسه»، آگاهی از « فرهنگ خودی» و امکان مقایسه با «فرهنگ دیگری» و همچنین پردازش دانش کسب شده به تقویت «دانش و مهارت بین فرهنگی» دانشجویان کمک می کند، اما به دلیل اختصاص بخش قابل توجه کتاب به فرهنگ اختصاصی فرانسه، نیازمند بازبینی و توجه به فرهنگ های دیگر به منظورایجاد فضایی چندفرهنگی برای ارتقای مؤثر «نگرش بین فرهنگی» و «آگاهی فرهنگی انتقادی» دانشجویان بین المللی است. نتیجه نهایی نشان می دهد تقویت دیدگاه بین فرهنگی «مؤلفان» در تدوین کتاب برای دانشجویان خارجی و ایفای نقش مؤثر «مدرسان» در تقویت تعاملات بین فرهنگی در کلاس از عوامل اصلی در افزایش یادگیری مؤثر و بروز کنش بین فرهنگی مناسب توسط دانشجویان در موقعیت واقعی است.
Impact of Online Peer Assessment via Wiki on Grammar Accuracy of EFL Learners: A Mixed Methods Investigation
حوزههای تخصصی:
With the emergence of new online technologies and computer-mediated language teaching, many recent studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of online peer assessment. The present mixed methods study examined the effect of online peer assessment on Iranian intermediate-level EFL students` writing accuracy. In the quantitative phase of the study, 28 EFL learners studying in an English institute were randomly assigned to two groups and were taught for 14 sessions. The experimental group attended online peer assessment on Wiki as a forum for out-of-classroom discussions regarding English writing, and the control group attended face-to-face peer assessment. To analyze the numerical data collected through a pretest and a posttest, an independent sample t-test was used to investigate the difference between the two group scores before and after the assessments. The results showed that the difference between the posttest means of the experimental group and the control group was significant. Moreover, the results of analyzing the qualitative data, gathered through focus-group interviews, also confirmed the quantitative results, revealing the positive opinions of the interviewees about the role of technology in language learning. Therefore, online peer assessment seems to have benefits that make it worthwhile despite all the difficulties and extra effort of introducing and teaching it to students. The findings may have implications for material designers, language teachers, and language learners.
Design and Application of Intelligent Classroom in English Language and Literature Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
"English Language and Literature" courses are essential components of university education. They provide a significant avenue for understanding the politics, economics, and customs of English-speaking countries. These courses facilitate a mastery of English grammar, which in turn enhances students' comprehension of spoken and written English content. However, traditional modes of instruction in English Language and Literature often lack engagement and interactivity, thereby limiting the effectiveness of learning in this field. In order to boost learners' interest and efficiency in studying English, it is imperative to shift away from conventional teaching approaches. With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence in various domains, its integration with English Language and Literature education can yield intelligent learning experiences. This study employs a combination of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) to reform the teaching model in English Language and Literature. The results indicate that CNN and GRU methodologies offer substantial support in realizing intelligent approaches to teaching this field. These methods exhibit a high degree of similarity and accuracy in predicting linguistic features in English Language and Literature. They excel in terms of predictive and scatter error distribution, showcasing superior performance.
Hiatus Resolution and Its Relation to Vowel Shortening in Persian and Central Kurdish: An Optimality-Theoretic Approach(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
The present study aimed to investigate vowel hiatus resolution and its relation to vowel shortening in Persian and Central Kurdish within an Optimality-Theoretic framework. The results showed that both Persian and Central Kurdish use glide formation through vowel shortening to resolve hiatus in certain environments. Persian has its own way to resolve vowel hiatus. The two high vowels /i/ and /u/, as a result of glide formation through vowel shortening, are changed into a short vowel and the glides /j/ and /w/, respectively. In Central Kurdish, glide formation occurs in high vowels /iː, uː/ and mid-high vowels /ēː, ōː/. In Persian, glide formation involves a quantitative reduction in the long vowel /iː/ and a quantitative and qualitative alteration in the long vowel /uː/. On the other hand, glide formation in Central Kurdish involves only a quantitative reduction in long vowels. Based on an OT analysis, the main factor in resolving vowel hiatus in both Persian and Central Kurdish is the obligatory presence of onset in the syllable structure. In contexts in which glide formation occurs through vowel shortening, the ranking of the active constraints in Persian and Central Kurdish is: ONSET, AGREE(place) >> MAX, DEP >> IDENT(µ).
Are Phrases Frozen? Investigating Lexical Bundles in Non-native and Native Reports in MICUSP(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
As one of the most prominent components of native-like language use, lexical bundles play a crucial role in academic texts. Considering the amount of written language produced by writers, this study explored lexical bundles in non-native and native academic reports. To that end, 100 sample reports of non-native and native writers taken from the Michigan Corpus of Upper-level Student Papers (MICUSP) were selected and analyzed to find non-native and native writers’ use of lexical bundles regarding frequency, structure, and function. Results indicated that native writers generally used a more extensive variety of lexical bundles in their reports. Regarding the structure of bundles, both non-native and native writers tended to employ more noun phrases with of-phrase fragments. In terms of the functions of bundles, both groups of writers tended to use more research-oriented bundles, followed by text-oriented and participant-oriented bundles, respectively. Findings highlight the value of fixed expressions in producing coherent academic texts by proficient writers, hence their importance in materials design and second language instruction.
On the Elaboration of Contexts of Situation with Special Reference to Requesting Strategies in Bali(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
جستارهای زبانی دوره ۱۵ مرداد و شهریور ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۳ (پیاپی ۸۱)
107 - 133
حوزههای تخصصی:
On the Elaboration of Contexts of Situation with Special Reference toRequesting Strategies in BaliI Made Netra , I Made Suastra , & I Putu SutamaAbstractOver the last two decades, the study of meaning has been done utilizing context of situation. It has been practiced in determining the speaker’s meanings in languages around the world. However, this research attempts to develop an elaborated form of context of situation in a culture-specific Balinese language and to explicate the speaker’s meaning bound by the elaborated context. To this end, an approach of participatory observation was applied which was qualitative and descriptive in nature. The data were collected from respondents and informants of Buleleng and Gianyar regencies,considering that although they share the same language, their understanding on requesting strategies, however, might be different. Requesting strategies in Balinese is contextually bound by a given and elaborated context of situation, which is referred to as Desa Kala Patra functioning both as a context of situation and an adjustment for language effectiveness. The elaborated context is immensely applicable to different requests. The requests are articulated based on the Balinese cultural scripts. Again, as an elaborated context of situation, Desa Kala Patra can bind the requesting strategies. As an adjustment for language effectiveness, Desa Kala Patra can mostly shift the direct strategies into indirect ones. Indirect requests can be expressed by asking, tag-questioning, giving information, giving advice, providing alternative points, offering, complaining, greeting, and inviting. The practices of requesting are configured by low-level scripts using exponents of philosophical aspects, Desa Kala Patra itself, “ if/then” condition, mechanism, results, and concluding statement.
The Relationship between EFL Learners’ Self-efficacy, Strategy Use and their Performance on a Grammar Test: Is there any Difference between High and Low Self-efficacious Learners?(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
Since the emphasis of the studies has shifted from a teacher-centered approach to a learner-centered one, researchers have discovered the significance of variables originating inside learners during the learning process. The present study was an attempt to focus on self-efficacy and strategy use as two learners’ variables. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is any relationship between EFL learners’ self-efficacy, strategy use, and grammar performance. In addition, it aimed to find out whether there is any difference between high self-efficacious learners and low self-efficacious learners in strategy use and grammar performance. To conduct the study, a non-experimental correlational design was used and thirty-five participants consisting of males and females studying English language teaching were selected randomly out of all the sophomores. Two questionnaires and a test were the main instruments in gathering data. Based on the results of the questionnaire, they were divided into two groups of high and low by using a normal distribution curve. As a result of running several data analysis tests, the findings of the present study revealed a significant relationship between EFL learners’ self-efficacy, strategy use, and their performance on a grammar test. Furthermore, it was illustrated that high self-efficacious learners performed better than low self-efficacious ones on the grammar test and grammar strategy use questionnaire.