thematic analysis

Purpose: Parental involvement in education is widely recognized as a critical factor influencing children's academic success. This qualitative study seeks to explore the varied aspects of parental engagement and understand its direct and indirect effects on student outcomes. The objective is to delineate how different forms of involvement contribute to academic achievement and to identify the barriers that parents face in engaging with their children's educational processes. Methodology: The study employed a qualitative methodology, focusing exclusively on semi-structured interviews to gather comprehensive data from 24 participants, including parents, students, and teachers. The interviews aimed at achieving theoretical saturation and were analyzed using NVivo software to facilitate a thorough thematic analysis. The participant selection was purposive, ensuring a diverse demographic representation to capture a wide range of experiences and insights. Findings: Three main themes were identified from the analysis: Types of Parental Involvement, Impact of Involvement on Student Outcomes, and Barriers to Parental Involvement. Under these themes, multiple categories were explored, such as Emotional Support, Academic Assistance, and Financial Support, which significantly enhanced academic performance and student well-being. Barriers identified included work and time constraints, economic factors, and cultural attitudes, which hindered effective parental engagement. Conclusion: The study underscores the significant positive effects of diverse types of parental involvement on students' academic outcomes and emotional well-being. It also highlights several socio-economic and cultural barriers that can restrict parental engagement. Addressing these barriers is crucial for facilitating more effective parental involvement, which is essential for optimizing student achievement.

Purpose: In the context of rapidly evolving digital landscapes, digital media literacy has become a foundational element in primary education, crucial for preparing students to navigate and influence their digital surroundings effectively. This study aims to identify and describe the key components of digital media literacy as taught in primary schools, focusing on the insights of faculty members from Iran to understand how these components are integrated into the educational system. Methodology: Employing a qualitative research design, this study gathered data through semi-structured interviews with 21 faculty members who are directly involved in teaching digital media literacy in primary schools across Iran. Theoretical saturation was achieved to ensure comprehensive coverage of the concepts. Data were analyzed using NVivo software to facilitate a thorough thematic analysis, identifying the core components of digital media literacy education. Findings: The analysis revealed five main themes central to digital media literacy in primary education: Transfer, Usage, and Digital Competence; Computer Fundamentals; Online Basics Skills; Word Processing, Spreadsheet, and Presentation Skills; and Database and Data Security Skills. Each theme comprised several categories that detailed specific skills and knowledge areas essential for comprehensive digital literacy, ranging from basic computer operations to advanced data management and security. Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of a robust digital media literacy curriculum in primary education, highlighting specific skills that are crucial for students' development as competent digital citizens. It also points to the need for ongoing teacher training to keep pace with technological advancements, ensuring that educators are well-equipped to impart these essential skills.

Technological development, especially over the past few years has influenced the quality of human lives considerably. According to the World Tourism Organization, the internet plays a crucial role in tourism, since it provides an opportunity for access to tourists across the world and it has the most audience compared to conventional media. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to study the short videos created on the Instagram platform for sustainable cross-cultural communication management in the cases of Iran and Oman. Among 50 Instagram pages related to Iran and Oman, only 10 pages were selected based on defined criteria and were studied using the thematic analysis method. The main discovered themes were commercial tourism (which includes sub-themes of company registration, exports, imports, skilled workers immigration); cultural tourism (which includes sub-themes of cultural similarities, cultural differences, and diplomatic relations between two countries); medical tourism (including sub-themes of Shiraz medical centers, Tehran medical centers, Ramsar health tourism, and the unknown destinations of health tourism in Iran); recreational tourism (which includes sub-themes of cruise ships, recreational Islands, desert tours, culinary tourism and restaurants, the unknown sights of Oman, and recreational tourism in Iran) and lastly ecotourism (including sub-themes of ecotourism in Iran and Oman). In general, all the discovered themes were about the sustainable cross-cultural communication between Iran and Oman.

The sharing business model (SBM) has introduced a new type of business model that combines collaborative technologies with idle resources to improve product and service utilization efficiency. However, in recent years, the sharing economy has had a tremendous impact on the tourism business. While some initially suggest that the sharing economy (SE) is beneficial to sustainability, we believe that extensive adoption may have unwanted consequences due to negative cultural effects in tourism. This study uses a thematic analysis to classify SBM's cultural dark side. Using a systematic literature review approach and the PRISMA protocol on 117 eligible papers, we identify ten negative cultural effects: nuisance for local residents, unethical practices, perceived risk, social inequality, customer misbehavior, safety concerns, employee rights violations, lobbying, consumerism, and overcrowding. These negative effects are impacting tourism's cultural sustainability. We also help to develop a framework for SBM's cultural sustainability in tourism. The framework suggests some cultural sustainability strategies, such as affordable and accessible products, the development of a niche market, local empowerment, simple production, and ease of use. We address the theoretical and practical implications, as well as the limitations. Finally, we discussed future research in three major directions.

Objective: There is evidence that emotion plays a role in explaining generalized anxiety disorder, and on the other hand, dysfunctional emotional schemas are different in various psychopathological disorders, but few studies have addressed this issue. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to qualitatively investigate emotional schemas in Iranian patients with generalized anxiety disorder.Research Methodology: For this purpose, 16 patients with generalized anxiety disorder in Mashhad, Iran were interviewed and their responses were qualitatively clustered to extract their emotional schemas and subthemes related to each emotional schema. A semi-structured interview was conducted to investigate patients' perspectives on emotion and their 14 emotional schemas. Patients' statements were transcribed and analyzed through comparative-inductive thematic analysis and coding. They were then categorized into main themes and subtheme naming was done in consultation with experts.Findings: The findings showed that four emotional schemas of validation, duration, uncontrollability, and extreme rationalization are more involved in patients with generalized anxiety disorder and 12 subthemes including mentalized emotional insecurity, desocialization, somatization, significance, uncertainty intolerance, unpredictability threat, extreme emotional perfectionism, continuity of catastrophic thinking, trait anxiety, superiority of others, emotional avoidance, emotional inflexibility, and extreme approval led to the creation and continuation of generalized anxiety disorder symptoms.Conclusion: Therefore, addressing these 4 emotional schemas in patients with generalized anxiety disorder with a greater focus on the validation schema, which is more pervasive, can increase treatment efficacy. In addition, we can focus on them in educational and preventive protocols, not just intervention protocols.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify and determine the importance of futures studies components within the sociology curriculum of senior secondary school textbooks. Methods and Materials: This research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. The qualitative part involved thematic analysis of all senior secondary school sociology textbooks using open, axial, and selective coding to identify key components. The quantitative part utilized Shannon entropy to determine the importance and ranking of these components. The study sample was selected through purposive sampling, focusing on relevant and credible textbooks and sources. Findings: The thematic analysis revealed 40 key components categorized into three main categories: learner characteristics, teacher characteristics, and organizational and structural features. Significant components included research thinking, project-based learning, future-oriented thinking, opportunity creation, and preparing students for the future. The results highlighted the pivotal role of both learners and teachers in fostering a future-oriented learning environment. The Shannon entropy analysis further established the priority and importance of these components within the curriculum. Conclusion: The integration of futures studies components into the sociology curriculum is essential for preparing students to navigate future challenges and opportunities. Emphasizing critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills within the curriculum equips students with the necessary tools for the modern world. The study underscores the need for continuous evaluation and im

Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify the key components necessary for promoting mental health among teachers in exceptional schools in Tehran. This research aimed to develop a comprehensive understanding of the factors contributing to mental health in this unique educational setting and to provide insights that can inform future interventions and support systems. Methodology: An exploratory study design employing thematic analysis was used to achieve the research objective. Participants included university faculty members with expertise in mental health, selected through purposive and snowball sampling methods. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews and content analysis of relevant documents from scientific databases. The data were analyzed using an inductive thematic approach to identify organizing themes and their associated dimensions and components. Findings: The analysis revealed several key components essential for promoting mental health among teachers in exceptional schools. These included knowledge and awareness, self-efficacy, mind management, quality of life, independence, environmental mastery, moral character, positive feelings, and productivity. Each of these components was found to significantly impact the mental health and well-being of teachers, highlighting the need for targeted interventions and comprehensive training programs. Conclusion: The study underscores the complexity of mental health among teachers in e

INTRODUCTION: One of the environmental issues faced by the majority of large human settlements in the world is natural disasters and their effects. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to present a model using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) for explaining the relationship between the factors affecting disaster management in order to improve its effectiveness. METHODS: In this study, quantitative method were used. For identifying the factors influencing disaster management, thematic analysis and second-order confirmatory factor analysis were used and confirmed through SmartPLS. Then the main model of the study was developed based on ISM using the views of experts in the field of disaster management. FINDINGS: The findings showed that risk evaluation, risk management, and management actions were the fundamental factors in the disaster management model which consisted of 19 sub-factors. Convergent validity of the study was found to be higher than 0.5 based on Average Variance Extracted (AVE) and reliability was higher than 0.7 based on Cronbach’s alpha, also Composite Reliability (CR) was calculated to be larger than 0.6, which showed that the suggested factors completely measure the intended concept in the study. CONCLUSION: According to the results, the proposed model shows the relation between factors affecting reduction of damages caused by disasters using the ISM. It can be used in different stages of disaster management because it explains the relation between 12 levels of different factors and enables managers and planners to clearly understand what activities need to be taken for more effective disaster management.

This study aimed to explore the parenting strategies, support systems, and coping mechanisms employed by single parents of children with developmental delays. A qualitative research design was adopted, involving semi-structured interviews with 23 single parents of children aged 2 to 12 years with diagnosed developmental delays. Participants were recruited through local support groups, online forums, and pediatric clinics. The data collection continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. Thematic analysis, following Braun and Clarke's framework, was used to identify key themes and subthemes within the data. The study identified three main themes: parenting strategies, support systems, and coping mechanisms. Key parenting strategies included routine establishment, positive reinforcement, adaptive techniques, communication strategies, and behavior management. Support systems encompassed family support, professional support, community resources, and financial assistance. Coping mechanisms highlighted were emotional resilience, social networks, personal time management, seeking knowledge, advocacy and empowerment, spirituality, and adaptability. Participants emphasized the importance of structured routines and positive reinforcement in managing their children's needs, while family and professional support were crucial in alleviating caregiving burdens. Effective coping mechanisms were essential for managing stress and maintaining well-being. Single parents of children with developmental delays employ a variety of effective strategies and support systems to navigate their unique challenges. Emotional resilience and social support networks play a critical role in their ability to cope with the demands of caregiving. These findings underscore the need for tailored interventions and resources to support single-parent families, highlighting the importance of flexible services, community resources, and advocacy efforts. Further research should focus on larger, more diverse samples and explore the impact of technological tools in supporting these parents.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the individual, relational, and contextual factors that shape how parents respond to their children’s negative emotions. Methods and Materials: A qualitative design was employed to capture the lived experiences of parents in managing children’s emotional challenges. Twenty-two parents from Chile participated in semi-structured interviews, focusing on their perceptions, attitudes, and practices when responding to children’s negative emotions such as sadness, anger, and frustration. Participants were recruited through community centers and parenting networks, ensuring diversity in socio-demographic backgrounds. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis with the support of NVivo 14 software. Data collection continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Trustworthiness was ensured through peer debriefing, reflexive memos, and constant comparison during coding. Findings: Analysis revealed four overarching themes. (1) Emotional awareness and regulation in parents highlighted recognition of children’s emotions, self-regulation strategies, empathy, cultural norms in emotional expression, and awareness of emotional contagion. (2) Parenting beliefs and attitudes encompassed views on discipline, developmental understanding, attitudes toward emotional expression, emotion-coaching roles, intergenerational patterns, and moral or religious values. (3) Contextual and social influences included family environment, societal expectations, work–life balance, socioeconomic challenges, peer and social networks, and media exposure. (4) Coping strategies in responding to children’s negative emotions featured immediate reactions, long-term approaches, distraction and redirection, seeking external support, and communication techniques. Illustrative quotations underscored the variability and complexity of parental practices. Conclusion: The findings suggest that parents’ responses to children’s negative emotions are multifaceted, shaped not only by individual self-regulation and beliefs but also by cultural expectations, social contexts, and available coping resources. These insights underscore the need for interventions that support parental emotional awareness, resilience, and communication skills, while addressing contextual stressors to promote more adaptive emotion socialization.

Extensive technological advancements have highlighted the importance of digital transformation in improving business performance. While prior research on this topic has been done in the information systems and business management domains, it has been limited to specific areas. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate the impact of digital transformation comprehensively. This research aims to systematically identify critical themes, significant topics, main concepts, and trend priorities. The study involved the analysis of 474 research papers from 2015 to 2024 from reputable databases such as SCOPUS, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore. First, thematic analysis identified the main themes and interpreted their relationships. Identified themes refer to technological changes at the operational and strategic levels through data analytics, digitalization, collaborative learning, and digital interaction. Realizing that digital transformation leads to value creation, improved service quality, customer experience, and long-term communication in digital ecosystems. These findings were related to dynamic capability theory concepts and compared with theory constructs like sensing, seizing, and transforming. Next, text mining techniques were used for deeper investigation, including word cloud, topic modeling (Latent Dirichlet Allocation), and text clustering (K-means). Findings were categorized into three perspectives: business, customer, and systemic, highlighting the influential role of digital technologies, particularly artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities. Moreover, trend analysis presented research priorities using VOSviewer. Finally, research innovation involved designing thematic networks and examining the relevance of significant topics as a research artifact with subtle differences compared to the conducted research. This novel approach provides five targeted propositions to audiences for future research.