محمدحسین ایمانی خوشخو

Technological development, especially over the past few years has influenced the quality of human lives considerably. According to the World Tourism Organization, the internet plays a crucial role in tourism, since it provides an opportunity for access to tourists across the world and it has the most audience compared to conventional media. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to study the short videos created on the Instagram platform for sustainable cross-cultural communication management in the cases of Iran and Oman. Among 50 Instagram pages related to Iran and Oman, only 10 pages were selected based on defined criteria and were studied using the thematic analysis method. The main discovered themes were commercial tourism (which includes sub-themes of company registration, exports, imports, skilled workers immigration); cultural tourism (which includes sub-themes of cultural similarities, cultural differences, and diplomatic relations between two countries); medical tourism (including sub-themes of Shiraz medical centers, Tehran medical centers, Ramsar health tourism, and the unknown destinations of health tourism in Iran); recreational tourism (which includes sub-themes of cruise ships, recreational Islands, desert tours, culinary tourism and restaurants, the unknown sights of Oman, and recreational tourism in Iran) and lastly ecotourism (including sub-themes of ecotourism in Iran and Oman). In general, all the discovered themes were about the sustainable cross-cultural communication between Iran and Oman.

Stakeholders of the tourism industry are facing crises with many stress factors. Resilience is one of the most essential human abilities in critical situations. To improve the resilience of the stakeholders of the tourism industry, paying attention to spiritual health is very important. Spiritual health is a fundamental factor in the resilience of tourism industry stakeholders. This study aims to present a model of identifying and prioritizing the effective factors in spiritual health on the resilience of tourism stakeholders. For this purpose, information was collected through an in-depth study of the subject literature, and an in-depth interview with 15 experts in the field of tourism who are familiar with tourism, spirituality, and culture, and coding was done with the exploratory approach of thematic analysis and using ATLAS-ti software. And finally, 28 indicators and six components were extracted. Then, in the next stage, the research components were implemented by 15 research experts using the questionnaire and interpretive-structural modeling (ISM) method, and using MATLAB software, the position, importance, and effectiveness of the extracted research components were presented at six levels. The results of this research state that the element of spiritual structure in tourism has the most impact and is the cornerstone of spiritual health in the resilience of the Stakeholders of the tourism industry, and the component of spiritual perception of the tourism stakeholders has the most effectiveness.

Nowadays, creativity has become a strategy in tourism development; cities and regions that want to increase their attractiveness to the creative class must support creative industries. Intangible cultural heritage (ICH), as a unique advantage in the tourism industry, provides global competitiveness for the community. Sustainable tourism approaches are needed to transition and promote ICH as a sustainable tourism resource successfully. Accordingly, this study investigates the role of women's creativity in developing intangible cultural heritage with a creative tourism approach. The statistical population of this study is women in the Uramanat region and tourists in the area. A sample of 360 people from each community was selected by purposive and available sampling. Creativity with measurement approach and value creation and development of intangible cultural heritage with the dimensions of preserving originality, empowerment, maintaining the meaning of content, emphasizing identity, parallel development of tourism, and heritage protection was measured by a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was assessed using construct validity. Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability were used for instrument reliability, and both were acceptable. The studied model was tested using the least-squares approach. Findings showed that creativity has a significant positive effect on the development of intangible cultural heritage. In many destinations, the development of creative tourism, one of the rapid branches of economic growth, and the development of intangible cultural heritage in the tourism industry are essential.

Religious tourism is one of the world's most critical current types of tourism, especially in Islamic countries such as Iran, which has a high potential for development and progress in this field. However, the development of this type of tourism in our country is not restricted to only religious cities but includes other cities in Iran. With its religious-pilgrimage functions, Sari city in Mazandaran province provides an appropriate ground for developing religious tourism as one of the main forms of tourism. The present research first conducted a set of observations in the region after studying library documents using the field method. After analyzing data from the observations, research questions were evaluated by organizations, experts, and the local community. The results were quantitatively examined by SWOT analysis. Finally, according to extracted concepts from qualitative and quantitative analysis, a model for the development of religious tourism was obtained based on library and field studies using interviews and then evaluated by experts. Results show that religious places of Sari city aren’t on the list of development priorities. It presents a model for development in this region with more challenges. Therefore, the qualitative and quantitative analysis results of this research imply a very appropriate situation and a high potential for religious tourism, emphasizing Imamzadeh in Sari city.

Nowadays, when excessive attention to the material issues and the homogeneity of societies does not meet the rebellious and human spirit, and amid successive runs, it seems that man is looking for a destination other than bread and shelter, a higher excuse to survive. The need to discover the truth and meaning of existence compels man to glorify his immaterial and spiritual dimension by seeking the path of cognition. Understanding spirituality and its history is a significant concept worth exploring from a social and personal perspective. This research was done using the qualitative grounded theory method to present the idea of spirituality in tourism, relying on Eastern philosophy and international codes of ethics, and performing different techniques such as studying various texts and using the expert’s opinion. The results of this research can be interpreted in such a way that the individual  dimension includes: internal and mystical connection, human interaction in the universe and superior power, guiding principles in understanding truth and meaning of life, and social dimension including each person's cognitive system and its impact on man's attitude and perceptions of his life and behaviors, determining the tolerable capacity of the environment and environmental assessment, protection of cultural identity and indigenous subcultures. Recognition and perception of spirituality in tourism express spirituality, which is done by emphasizing self-creation and action related to the Creator of the world.  

Human beings take a step in the path of discovery and searching the universe. Meanwhile, travel is one of the means of searching wisdom and experience for communicating with the land, nature and the world’s creator, as well as finding meaning and concept of life. Therefore, humans understand travel as a source of perception and take benefits from it for recognizing themselves and the universe. The term "spiritual perception" is defined as a way for understanding and interpreting all non-material affairs related to the origin of human soul which has been investigated in this research. In this regarda qualitative-quantitative method has been applied in which the spiritual perception factors were obtained by using concept analysis method after conducting deep interviews with experts. Four factors of human hypothesis, spiritual truth, outward truth and human interaction were considered. Study population consisted of foreign cultural tourists travelling to the City of Isfahan from March to June 2018.  Gathered data was analyzed by using structural equation and Smart PLS. The results showed that all the hypotheses of research were confirmed and there were meaningful relationships among tourists' spiritual perception and mentioned factors.