مطالب

Background and Theoretical Foundations:  In Islam, some laws support the environment in wartime, while this issue has been reached after the Battles of the Middle Ages and the arrival of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, and later in international law, it has come in the form of treaties and conventions. The global view of environmental components shows the world trapped in a dangerous situation.  Methodology:  In this research, using a descriptive-analytical method and collecting library and documentary resources, the perspective of Islam and international law on the environment during wartime was examined, with an emphasis on the marine environment. Findings and Conclusion: Results showed that wars, as one of the human actions, have caused extensive destruction to the human environment and other living beings. There are two types of laws to protect the environment during wartime. First of which is international laws during wartime that are considered critical conditions compared to peacetime. The second is the laws of armed war. These laws are not comprehensive for the protection of the environment and require a stronger implementation guarantee. For this reason, in addition to international laws and documents, it is necessary to use all available capacities, including the teachings of Islam. Therefore, observing Islamic principles and teachings, adhering to international laws, and creating a protective regulatory body will make it possible to protect the marine environment.

Economic security, which is one of the most important requirements for the country's economic growth and development, is highly dependent on foreign trade and maritime transport. Maritime transport plays a key role in the development of the country's foreign trade with other countries. Currently, Iran owns approximately one percent of the world's maritime transport fleet, and Iran has the twenty-second largest shipping fleet in the world. In the last few years, about 80 to 90 percent of the country's exports and imports have been carried out through maritime transport. On the other hand, one of the main factors disrupting maritime security in the world's waters is the phenomenon of piracy, which today has advanced to hijacking ships and taking their crews hostage. Therefore, considering the phenomenon of piracy, the role of the Navy in ensuring the security of Iran's shipping lines and foreign trade is very important, and ensuring the security of the country's maritime transport will play a very important and vital role in the country's economic stability and the resilience of the national economy. In a world constantly engaged in war and violence, increasing military power is a necessary condition for ensuring security for every country, and security is recognized as a necessary condition for economic growth and development. Estimates by international organizations such as UNCTAD are that one of Iran's most important tools for resisting US sanctions is this large maritime transport fleet. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method and aims to investigate the role of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy in ensuring the security of maritime transportation. The results of this research show that the Navy, by supporting the country's communication and shipping lines, can play an important and decisive role in the country's trade turnover and also have positive effects on regional and global trade and maritime transportation.

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque accumulation, neurofibrillary tangles, neuronal death, inflammation, and oxidative stress.Aim: We investigated the effects of treadmill exercise and intranasal insulin on spatial memory, blood glucose level, and Physical growth indicators including weight, head circumference, and tail length.Materials and Methods: Seventy-two male Wistar rats, aged 8 weeks were into 9 gtoups at random (control, Sham, Aβ, Aβ + EX, Aβ +PINS, Aβ + INST, Aβ + EX + PINS, Aβ + EX + INST, and Aβ + EX + PINS + INST). We discovered that rats receiving Aβ25-35 had impaired spatial memory, which was associated with weight loss, brain growth retardation, Tail Length, and elevated blood glucose levels. Data from each trial was statistically analyzed using IBM SPSSStatistics 22 software, Two-way ANOVA, and post-hoc analysis Tukey test. The cut-off for statistical significance was P≤0.05.Results: Our results show that the improvement of spatial memory due to the improvement of metabolism and growth indicators can be affected by pretreatment exercise and intranasal insulin. Also, exercise training and intranasal insulin improved spatial memory and prevented brain growth retardation, increased blood glucose, weight loss, and tail length in animals treated with Aβ25-35.Conclusion: Exercise can amplify the positive benefits of intranasal insulin treatment on memory. The results of our research showed that exercise and insulin can prevent brain growth retardation and prevent spatial memory disorders by improving glucose metabolismy.