درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

In the 2000s, some projects were defined to export Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in order to increase Iran’s presence in gas export markets. However, despite the initial planning until 2020, when this research was conducted, none led to a result, and Iran could not play a role in this market. Delay in executing these plans will lead to losing the opportunity to use the joint South Pars field and billions of dollars of foreign exchange earnings. The purpose of this study, which was conducted 2019 to 2020, is to identify the factors leading to the failure of Iran’s LNG projects. In order to identify and prioritize these factors, the opinion of experts and the Fuzzy Delphi technique is employed. Investigating the condition at the national and international level indicates that some factors have prevented all of these projects from being successful, including political issues, international sanctions on Iran, lack of domestic capital, lack of appropriate foundation for attracting foreign investors, constraints of domestic rules and regulations, especially in the upstream sector for choosing the contract format, not having access to the liquefaction technology, and the issues pertinent to marketing, and the most important one, lack of suitable commercial structural design. Identifying these factors and planning for tackling them is the key to escaping this current situation and a guide for prospering in future projects of the country.

As the capital market becomes more competitive, one of the topics that has attracted the attention of many financial researchers in recent years is the liquidity of corporate stocks that because of the dynamics it can create in corporate financing, it is of strategic importance. The purpose of this research is designing a Model of Comprehensive interpretive/structural Mechanism of Effectiveness of Stock Liquidity Tehran Stock Exchange Companies. The one-year study period 2018-2019 in both qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis was conducted with the participation of two members of the panel. In the qualitative analysis section, this research identified through the combination of Delphi and the analysis of three components of the operational mechanism, the structural/governance mechanism, and the investor/mechanism of trading mechanism in the form of the effective statement on stock liquidity. And in the Comprehensive Interpretive / Structural Analysis section, with the participation of four Stock Exchange brokers, members of the panel presented a model based on a spectrum of the most influential statements to the least effective stock liquidity statements. The results show that the Delphi analysis of 25 indicators identified early in the meta-synthesis, 7 Index Remove and 2 indicators have been merged for a total of 16 statements were approved. In the quantitative section, based on a comprehensive interpretive/structural analysis, it was identified that the increase in the number of trading transactions as the component of operational mechanisms was identified as the most influential factor in stock liquidity.

When auditors intentionally or unintentionally approve financial statements in line with the views of their employers, the public interest and the auditing profession are at serious risk. The purpose of this study was to examine the process by which auditors' interests will influence decision making. To achieve this goal, first in the qualitative part of the research, by studying the background of accounting research and interviewing experts through the fuzzy Delphi method, the effective components on conflict of interest were identified. In the second part of the study, using social-cognitive meta-theory and operational decision-making power in the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) paradigm, data obtained from 362 certified public accountants. Smart-PLS software and Structural equations have been implemented for data analysis and hypotheses testing. Cognitive processes, including expected positive outcomes, understanding the problems of consistent decision-making, and ethical judgment, play a mediating role between the conflict of interest and deviant decision-making, and through these intervening variables, conflict of interest can be monitored and reduced. The results show that professional ethics with the confirmation of all hypotheses are considered as the most effective component. It also showed that reducing the expected positive results, increasing the understanding of problems, and reducing the auditors' ethical judgment in the assigned tasks will lead to deviant decisions. By implementing the proposed algorithm, cognition processes can be directed towards consistent decision making.

This paper aims to optimize the Central Bank transparency level which corresponds to the minimum of output volatility in 28 states of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (due to the maximum data availability) during the period 2003-2014. For this purpose, the Dincer-Eichengreen index is used, which includes five aspects covering political, economic, procedural, policy, and operational transparency. The index ranges in numerical value from 0 to 15 with 0 being the most opaque and 15 the most transparent. Applying the Arellano-Bond GMM estimation and using the Dincer-Eichengreen index as a proxy of transparency, the result indicates that an increase in the level of central bank transparency will decrease output volatility up to a certain point, after which additional information from central banks begin to exacerbate it. In addition, the effects of other variables (financial depth, first lag of inflation, oil rents-GDP ratio) on output volatility are positive. Therefore, moving with caution towards monetary policy transparency is recommended as output volatility is reduced considerably, implying significant benefits for output stability.