درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The aim of this study was to compare the Exceptional Student Learning English (ESLE) web application and traditional application and the evaluation of the ESLE app mainly from the exceptional student parents' perspective. To this end, five exceptional student parents with their exceptional children were selected among 30 parents in Isfahan in Isfahan province. Open-ended questionnaires were sent to five parents to collect the parents' feedback on the ESLE app and their perceptions of mobile apps-assisted language learning experiences. Results indicated that, ESLE game-based app has encouraged exciting opportunities for personalized and learner-centered environments with flexible access to learning materials anytime and anywhere. The novel and enjoyable ways of learning would have a great potential to increase learning motivation and encourage lifelong learning habits. More research will be needed in the young filed of MALL in order to suggest the right direction to effective language learning. Findings have illuminative implications for teachers, exceptional students, parents, and app developers.

Lesson Study is considered as a way of improving teachers’ professional development in foreign language teacher education courses. Integration of collaboration with focused observation within Lesson Study facilitates teacher professionalization and pedagogical practice. Therefore, this study aimed to explore Iranian EFL teachers’ perceptions of the practical implementation of Lesson Study, and examine novice and experienced EFL teachers’ comments about merging their theoretical knowledge with practice throughout the application of Lesson Study. To this end, four novice and three experienced language teachers, both female and male were selected as the participants of this study. Data collection was done through triangulation of teachers’ reflective notes, an unstructured interview, observation, and field notes. The findings indicated that EFL teachers have positive views toward Lesson Study as a means of professional development. Additionally, the novice and experienced EFL teachers have different attitudes regarding lesson planning, reflective teaching, and collaborating with other colleagues. The findings of this study can have implications for EFL teachers and teacher educators to promote ongoing learning in their profession through reflective teaching and collaboration.

Individuals are controlled by tests in every advanced society when they want to be admitted in educational courses, to proceed from one stage to the next, or to be given a certificate (Shohamy, 2001b). Accordingly, the present study was carried out to construct and validate educational, social, and psychological consequences questionnaires of English Language Proficiency (EPT) as a high-stakes test in Iran. To achieve the goals, after initial piloting of the item pool, a total number of 252 non-English PhD students completed the final researcher-made questionnaires developed using a comprehensive review of the related literature, experts’ opinions, documents, and interviews. A number of statistical procedures were taken to validate the current questionnaires including Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). EFA was utilized to determine the underlying factors of the scale that affect the variables in a data structure without setting any predefined structure to the outcome and to verify the number of factors; subsequently, these results were confirmed in the CFA phase. Ultimately, the results were discussed and implications of the questionnaires were presented as follows.

With the latest paradigm shift in SLA from Cognitivism to Sociocultural Theory (SCT), more studies are carried out to investigate the efficacy of Written Corrective Feedback (WCF) through a social and cultural lens. A more recent offspring of SCT is Activity Theory which provides an explanatory framework for scrutinizing an activity in a social setting. The present study aimed at investigating the impact of Scaffolded WCF within the framework of Activity Theory on Iranian EFL learners’ writing performance in terms of reduction of the learners’ writing errors with respect to the content, vocabulary, mechanics, organization, and grammar. Finally, different types of Activity Theory-based strategic mediations (i.e. artifact, rule, community, and role mediations) Iranian EFL learners employed in their writing revisions were investigated. Accordingly, 25 Iranian university-level students, through convenient sampling, were chosen to participate in the study. The treatment they received on their writings was a graduated Scaffolding WCF in their Zone of Proximal Development in the form of both peer and teacher feedback. The findings indicated that Scaffolded WCF statistically significantly contributed to the participants’ writing performance in terms of content, vocabulary, mechanics, organization, and grammar. With respect to the mediation strategies used by the learners, it was discovered that the learners benefitted from all the available mediators although with various degrees. It is hoped that the findings of this study will promise implications for promoting a teacher/learner-friendly method of providing WCF based on SCT, which can be utilized in large classes typical of Iranian EFL university courses.

Computerized Dynamic Assessment (CDA), encouraged by Brown and colleagues’ graduated prompt approach, is grounded in Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural Theory (SCT) of mind and its concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD). It emerged to respond to the challenge of implementing DA in large classes and to meet the psychometric properties of assessment. To this end, the present study attempted to design a unique computerized dynamic assessment tool to diagnose learners’ development of pragmatic competence, specifically their knowledge of the speech acts of apology and request. To conduct the research, a number of 60 BSc students of engineering, aged 18-24, participated in the study. They had different proficiency levels, including pre-intermediate, intermediate and upper-intermediate levels. In the course of CDA, they were provided with 30 multiple choice discourse completion tests of apology and request and they were required to choose what they would say in that specific situation. The participants received pre-established meditational hints for each of the unacceptable responses, which were arranged from the most implicit to the most explicit. Finally, to diagnose learners’ development, their test performance, including their actual score, mediated score and learning potential score (LPS), was instantly displayed. Paired samples t-test showed development in learners’ mediated score. The results of the univariate analysis of variance showed that there is no interaction between mediation and proficiency level. Teachers can use this supplementary dynamic assessment tool to diagnose learners’ development of pragmatic competence.

Les concepts de Beau et de Laid occupent une place importante dans l’art et l’iconographie religieux du Moyen Age. Ils sont en effet l’expression visuelle de l’opposition entre Bien et Mal. Ainsi toutes les représentations du mal se caractérisent par une rupture de la symbolique sacrée et ne se manifestent que par opposition au modèle divin. Le romancier champenois du XIIe siècle, Chrétien de Troyes, est manifestement sous l’influence de cette vision du monde où tout est correspondance, où les différents niveaux de l’être communiquent et échangent leur valeur. D’un roman à l’autre, il évoque systématiquement des personnages laids ou difformes qui incarnent le mal : laide demoiselle, gardien des essarts ou nains. Pour autant le laid n’est pas toujours unilatéralement l’expression du mal. Il peut renvoyer également à une idée plus subtile. C’est ainsi que, selon une perspective différente, le laid peut être considéré plus beau que le beau lui-même, car le laid plus que le beau prouve que les formes visibles ne sont qu’un symbole de la beauté parfaite et non point le beau véritable. Chrétien de Troyes relativise ainsi le concept de la beauté.

Cet article présenté lors de la journée internationale des professeurs de français en 2019 débute par une courte description de la situation de l’enseignement universitaire de la traduction en Iran. Notre objectif est de montrer que l'enseignement pratique de la traduction doit être comme tout autre domaine d'enseignement créatif et innovant. L'innovation et l'avancement des connaissances sont les forces motrices de l'université, mais on constate que malgré les propositions des idées pour innover dans les cours pratiques de traduction la situation ne change pas, les méthodologies employées n’évoluent presque pas.  Comment les formateurs doivent-ils innover pour adapter leur enseignement aux changements vécus par la société ? Nous allons montrer que l'innovation dans la formation des traducteurs passe par la formation des enseignants, la prise en compte de la composante métacognitive de l’apprentissage et la responsabilisation des apprenants dans le déroulement des cours. En donnant des rôles actifs aux apprenants on leur fait comprendre la valeur sociale de leur présence physique et surtout active dans la salle de cours. Cette mise en valeur des apprenants profite à toute la classe grâce à un apprentissage collaboratif.

L’enseignement du français au lycée marocain est en crise, tant et si bien que les choix épistémologiques et didactiques afférents à l’enseignement de la littérature en particulier, trop centrés sur une approche formaliste et techniciste du texte littéraire, ne garantissent pas véritablement les possibilités pour le sujet-lecteur-scripteur de se construire dans et par les actes de lire et d’écrire. A la lumière de ces hypothèses, nous examinerons la construction de l’objet «littérature» à travers une pratique enseignante spécifique en essayant de trouver des éléments de réponse aux questions suivantes : quelle conception de la littérature et quelle théorie de la lecture-écriture prennent-elles forme au cours de l’interaction enseignant-élèves ? Quelle configuration ou transformation de l’objet se donne-elle à voir en cette situation d’interaction didactique ? Quelles articulations se présentent-elles entre les postures enseignantes et les postures d’études des élèves ? La réponse à ces questions permettra in fine de mieux saisir les obstacles réels à l'enseignement de la littérature en classe de langue.

The present paper addresses the issues of EFL teachers’ views and implementation of problem solving in third-year classes in the Algerian Secondary Schools. The focal aim is to highlight the importance of problem solving as a means to improve the activities of teaching and learning. The survey involved a random sample of 50 teachers to whom a questionnaire was administered. Marzano’s (2001) New Taxonomy of Educational Objectives was used as the analytical framework. According to the obtained findings, teachers (96%) agreed that problem solving is a crucial component of instruction. The majority of teachers claimed that they implement problem-solving tasks in the classroom. The main benefits of implementing problem solving in the classroom that the respondents mentioned include: the development of students’ cognitive abilities, their autonomy, and the teaching practices. The findings have important implications for pedagogical strategies that might promote the teaching and assessment of problem solving in EFL contexts.