علی محمدپور

The spatial weighted regression method is one of the bes t methods to achieve higher accuracy in analyzing space-affected relations. This article attempts to introduce a model of the results of Area of Supply and Demand and general park performance with a spatially weighted regression model for evaluating parks in Region 1 of Tehran. The density of parks and population density in Region 1 of Tehran with the help of some environmental variables-space such as the area of parks. To follow the theoretical framework, spatial dis tribution and urban green space efficiency indices were used. With their help, environmental-spatial variables have been extracted, and the required data have been collected through sys tematic scientific methods and turned into information in determining the relationship between the data. Based on the findings, it is expected that this indicator will help landscape planners to unders tand the supply and demand index of parks and their relationship with the general efficiency of parks. It can help planners reconsider their projects' policies, goals, and cos ts. The results show that the general performance development index of parks in the firs t Region of Tehran is not commensurate with their supply and demand. In some areas, parks with appropriate performance indexes have low demand. Predictions of this research show that parks with index (-0.5>S tdError) value will need more demand in the future, and demand for parks with index (S tdError>2.5) will decrease.

Passive Defense is a set of civilian efforts performed to enhance deterrence, reduce vulnerability, sustain essential activities, promote national stability, and facilitate crisis management against military threats of an enemy. Since in battles, sensitive and critical areas of cities are of paramount importance,it is clear that in military agressions, a large part of threats are focused on cities and their urban facilities and equipment, especially fuel centers. As a result, consideration of passive defense while planning cities has a significant role in reducing the vulnerability of cities and their urban elements as well as facilitating the urban crisis management. It also provides the citizens resistance threshold under possible enemy invasion and natural malicious agents. Hence, this article reviews and analyzes the current situation of gas distribution centers and evaluates their positioning across the city of Mashhad with regard to passive defense approach. However, as far as there is no clear- cut criteria for organizing fuel centers with passive defense approach, the Delphi method is used to select the desired criteria in which on the basis of the final comments of the experts, four critera- performance, access, hazards and security election and spatial organization of the fuel tanks and petrol stations- are analyzed using AHP model and GIS spatial analyzes. Accordingly, it can be said that the assessment of the current status of the urban fuel stations in Mashhad indicates that no area of the city enjoys all measures of passive defense (performance, availability, security, and risks). Likewise, the results indicate that the distribution of these centers in the city are mostly consistent with the factor of access. taking into account all the criteria, it is the ​​North West of Mashhad which has the highest utility than other areas. It is followed by the east of Mashhad and ​​the Northeast and the middle east of the city, respectively. Accordingly, it could be stated that ignoring an efficient design for determining the optimum location of the site construction with a passive defense approach results in an inappropriate and naive spatial distribution of the stations leading to an increased security and environmental risks of the city.