مطالب

Introduction: One of the factors that can create the necessary commitment among employees for the success of the organization is the prevailing atmosphere of the organization. In other words, a proper atmosphere and favorable moral climate help to improve performance, achieve goals, and maintain communication in the organization and play a vital role in the performance of the organization (in any field of work). Therefore, this study aimed to explain and design a spirituality-based work ethic model in the workplace in the Crisis Management Organization, Tehran, Iran. Method: This applied research was conducted based on a mixed methodology. The statistical population of this study in the qualitative part consisted of 128 directors of Tehran Crisis Management Organization in 2020-2021, reaching saturation with 19 people. Moreover, the statistical population of this study in the quantitative part included the staff of Tehran Crisis Management Organization in 2020-2021, among which 250 samples were selected based on Cochran's formula. The samples were chosen using stratified random sampling method and the instruments employed in the qualitative and quantitative parts were an exploratory and semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire, respectively. The collected data were analyzed in MAXQDA-2020 software and AMOS-26 software in the qualitative and quantitative parts, respectively. The AMOS software was used to measure the structural equation modeling and analyze the model fit indices. Findings: According to the findings, the work ethic model was based on spirituality in the workplace. In this model, ethical commitment, professional commitment, and relationship commitment were considered causal conditions of spirituality-based work ethic in the workplace in the Crisis Management Organization. Moreover, organizational ethical climate, Islamic ethical culture, ethical leadership, and ethical and Islamic education were respectively considered a pivotal phenomenon, interactive strategies, intervening conditions, and contextual variables of spirituality-based work ethic in the workplace in the Crisis Management Organization. Conclusion: The results of showed that all the reviewed indices were accepted to evaluate the fit of the modified structural model of the research. Given this, it can be said that the fit of this model was "approved". Furthermore, the total effect values of contextual variables, causal conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and interactions, and pivotal variables on spirituality-based work ethic in the workplace were obtained at 0.40, 0.51, 0.38, 0.65, and 0.61, respectively. The p-value of < 0.01 was considered significant.

Considering the importance of the concept of strategic alignment of information technology (IT) in today economic organizations, this study attempted to extract the organization's IT strategies in order to increase the degree of strategic alignment and consequently the optimal strategies in the field of marketing and service delivery for social security organization. Using QFD technique and hierarchical analysis, the results of the study showed that among the IT strategies collected, three strategies of introducing the application of new technologies to operation department employees of the organization, standardizing software problem solving methods in the organization, and increase the organization users' sense of responsibility for IT costs were the top three priorities of IT strategy in the Social Security Organization to increase strategic alignment. Also based on the other results of the study, three strategies of forming a specialist team for emerging technologies, increasing the share of not-in-person services and enhancing the quality of information in the organization's electronic port are among the most desirable marketing strategies, and three strategies for improving the quality of electronic services, create a unity of working procedure among the employees and review and updating of services delivery processes, have been among three most desirable strategies of the organization in the field of service delivery.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the public relations status of Sports and Youth Organization in Kohgilouyeh and Boyer Ahmad province. The present research was applied and study was a consecutive hybrid exploratory strategy and is implemented by qualitative content analysis and questionnaire quantitative survey. Method: Statistical society in qualitative section, ten people in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provincial authority of sports and youth, and in quantitative personnel in public relations department and 46 provincial active board and sports reporters in the province in total there were 150 people. Data collection tool was a face-to-face interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. Based on the findings of the qualitative section, a questionnaire was designed and its face and content validity was evaluated by several experts in the field of public relations and sport management and its construct validity was done by confirmatory factor analysis and its reliability was Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0/94. Results: The qualitative data were analyzed by qualitative data encoding method and in quantitative part of descriptive statistics, frequency table was included and in the inferential part Friedman test was used. Conclusions: The results showed that the public relations status of Sports and Youth Organization in this province was below average, and Friedman's test showed that the importance, rank, and status of public relations were totally different.

Today, organizational entrepreneurship is considered as an effective factor in growth, creativity and dynamicity of organizations in order for their promotion and survival. Therefore, the present study aims to identify and explain the dimensions of an entrepreneur-training organization and its impact on the organization’s policies. The research method, due to sequence of qualitative and quantitative methods, is a sequential mixed method. In the qualitative section, the statistical population of this study is consisted of experts and elite in the field of management having experience in administrative system. Using a targeted sampling method and snowball method, 15 experts of the mentioned statistical population were identified and semi-structured interviews were conducted with them. In the quantitative section, the statistical population of this study is consisted of heads of trade unions of Khorasan Razavi’s chambers of business who are 850 people. The sample size has been calculated to be 265 people using Cochran formula, and simple random sampling method has been used for collecting the data. The collected data has been analyzed using structural equation modeling technique and Amos software. Finally, four dimensions of innovation, creativity, risk taking and independence have been identified as the dimensions of entrepreneur-training organization and the impact of each of these dimensions on the organization’s policies has been confirmed.

Purpose: Huge economic, social, political and technological changes, particularly in recent decades, have brought about increasing complexity and reduced predictability of the organizations’ environments. One solution offered to deal with such environments is the human resource agility approach. Though human resources play an effective role in the agility of organizations, the integrated model that identifies its dimensions and components has not been yet explained. This study aimed to design an agility model for human resources and to explain the factors influencing it. Methodology: This research has been conducted in the qualitative approach framework along with the survey method and by relying on grounded theory. Related data were extracted from theoretical literature, upstream documents, and interviews and then analyzed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. Findings: The results indicated that the agility of human resources as an axial phenomenon is due to a set of individual-organizational, individual-personal, organizational and occupational characteristics. Conclusion: The effects of this phenomenon were categorized into two groups: individual and organizational. Also, in this model, the underlying factors (power sharing practices, human resource management practices, organizational coordination, communication and information technology, organizational process) and interventional conditions (organizational culture, leadership style, self-development, environmental factors) are influential on the ruling relations.

This study aimed to develop an internal control model for the Iranian Social Security Organization with a risk management approach. This exploratory study is applied in terms of objective, and the statistical population comprised 340 employees in the financial department of the Iranian Social Security Organization. The data was collected using interviews and questionnaires, and the hypotheses were tested with inferential statistics and structural equation tests. The results showed that the internal control factors of the Iranian Social Security Organization include the income bank system, the legal obligations system, compensation, the financial bookkeeping system, the movable and immovable property system, the financial management system, and check issuance requirements. The results also showed that the factors affecting internal controls are among the factors influencing risk management. Considering the extent of branches, dimensions, various services including (retirement, disability) and the size and volume of financial operations, as well as the very high budget of the Social Security Organization (for example, in 1401, the budget of the Social Security Organization is 500 thousand billion Rials), there are many factors on the controls Empty and effective risk management. The most important factors affecting the Social Security Organization's internal controls' efficacy are the financial bookkeeping system, Payroll system, And Legal requirements for issuing checks.

Human resource organization is one of the human resource activities that guides each person towards perfection by finding the path of advancement of each person in his professional life. The aim of the current research was to identify the dimensions and components of the organization of human resources in Kurdistan's education system in order to provide a conceptual model. From the objective point of view, the research is of the "applied" research type; because it seeks to apply knowledge in new situations and develop practical knowledge in a specific field. This research, in terms of how to collect the required data, is classified in the “qualitative research group. In the framework of this research method, in order to know the opinions and ideas of these people in connection with the field of human resource organization In Kurdistan province, 21 of these elites were selected by purposeful sampling and the interview process continued until theoretical saturation was reached. . Paying attention to the family, not paying attention to quality, high costs for obtaining national positions, low special points for group supervisors, giving grades without degrees and certificates, not paying attention to the conditions and working environment, not paying attention to parents' satisfaction, not paying attention to modernization.

The world economic image has been changing. It has been a long time since the sole important resources of an organization were financial and physical. In the newly-emerged global economy, knowledge and information are accounted as the most significant resources in order to produce value. Obviously, as the demand for knowledge to reach success is increasing day by day, maintenance and enhancement of an organizations’ inner knowledge possesses a high degree of importance. This knowledge is used by the individuals inside the organizations. In other words, human resource plays a vital role in an organization’s knowledge management. Additionally, due to the complexity of working conditions and advent of fierce competitions, a sheer number of organizations have moved towards project-oriented activities in an attempt to detract from the costs and to boost flexibility. Accomplishment of project-oriented activities is met in the form of a matrix organizational structure and therefor, upon completing any project, the human resource will immediately become involved in the next project or are even likely to leave the organization. Hence, maintenance of their knowledge and experience and transferring them to the next projects tend to be a matter of discussion.

This article aims to examine the effects of macroeconomic variables on Iran’s bilateral trade with member countries of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) over the period 2007–2023, utilizing an extended gravity model. In the context of evolving global trade dynamics and escalating international sanctions, the research seeks to assess the influence of key factors—including GDP, inflation differentials, exchange rate volatility, digital trade and financial sanctions—on Iran–ECO trade flows. Using panel data and a fixed-effects regression approach, the model incorporates both traditional gravity variables (economic size, distance) and contemporary trade determinants (internet penetration, sanctions). The results indicate that GDP growth and improvements in digital infrastructure significantly promote trade, whereas inflation disparities and exchange rate instability hinder it. Interestingly, financial sanctions exhibit a positive impact, suggesting a reorientation of Iran’s trade towards ECO countries. The findings imply that deeper regional integration, expanded digital trade capacity and the use of alternative trade mechanisms can help buffer external shocks and strengthen trade resilience. full text: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/09721509261447173

INTRODUCTION: The current research aimed to analyze the strategies, platforms, and obstacles facing the Relief and Rescue Organization in benefiting from education in the age of knowledge. METHODS: This applied qualitative research was conducted based on the grounded theory. Participants included academic and Relief and Rescue Organization experts. A total of 20 cases were studied and selected by purposive non-random sampling using semi-structured interviews and theoretical saturation principle. In the theory analysis process, MAXQDA-2022 software was used. FINDINGS: Based on the research findings, managerial factors, as well as technological and behavioral development, were identified as strategies. Moreover, platforms were behavioral, environmental, and social factors and obstacles were recognized as technological education and support. CONCLUSION: As evidenced by the obtained results, in order to improve its quality level in the age of knowledge, Relief and Rescue Organization should establish a close relationship with education sector and remove the obstacles ahead.

Economic freedom or economic liberty is one of the instances of freedom which is a target intrinsically, and individuals and units make attempts to achieve. The liberalization of financial markets can have a different effect on economy. Several studies have indicated that economic liberalization has had a positive effect on developing economies by the reduction in capital expenditures, increase in profit-ability, and individuals’ investment. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of economic freedom on stock returns. The statistical population of this study is the selected countries of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) for the years 2001 to 2019, and is used in the statistical section of the Fraser Institute website and the World Bank website. In this study, the regression model of panel data was employed for data analysis. The research results show that the effect of the economic freedom variable is positive and significant on the stock price index and cash-on-cash return. At best, economic freedom can lead to increasing demand for stocks and, subsequently, raising the stock price index and cash-on-cash return. The government should provide a legal and regulatory framework to protect the rights of owners of assets and fair implementation of contracts, and facilitate access to sound money. It should also provide stable money and refrain from activities and interventions interfering in personal choices, exchanges and voluntary exchanges, and the free-dom to enter the competition in product and labour markets.

The effects happiness has in the work environment for increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the employees necessitate the studying and investigating of the concept of happiness in various organizations. Therefore, the current study tries to propose and explain a happiness model in the organization based on national culture. This study has been carried out using a combinatory method and in two sections; namely, the qualitative and the quantitative parts. In the qualitative section, we interviewed experts and university specialists, selected using targeted sampling method, to carry out the identification and classification. In the quantitative section of the study, we utilized the descriptive-survey method and the data gathering tool made by the researcher to elicit the views and opinions of 383 employees of Tehran Municipality, which had been selected using simple random sampling method. Then, we used Pearson’s correlation coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis to analyze the obtained data. The findings show that physical, psychological, spiritual, and social components are among the personal aspects of happiness based on national culture and components such as coherence and sociability are among the organizational aspects of happiness based on national culture.

The present paper attempts to estimate the relationship between labor productivity and health, technological progress and education, using panel data observing 57-nation Orgamization of Islamic Coopeation, OIC over the period of 1995-2009. A two-step procedure was used with the first involving an estimate of labor productivity based on observations in the OPEC, GCC and ECO member countries and also African nations within the Islamic countries. The second step involved an estimate of the effect on labor productivity of health, technological progress and education. Our findings indicate that labor productivities in Islamic countries with some exceptions on an average are above 3 with the highest of 12 belonging to Azerbaijan. Exceptions are Somalia and Gabon with negative productivities and Brunei and Cameroun with productivities around one. The only variable influencing labor productivity in the Islamic countries is health with technology and education having no meaningful influence.

Nowadays, supply chains are highly vulnerable and prone to various risks due to geographical expansion and the complexity of communication networks. Sustainability in supply chains is increasingly seen as part of supply chain management. Sustainability has become a necessity, and every supply chain needs sustainability. However, the supply chain has a breadth and complexity of indicators. This paper aims to provide a model for evaluating the impact of the sustainable supply chain on organizational performance and efficiency in the National Iranian South Petroleum Company (NISOC). This study consists of two quantitative studies and a qualitative stage by designing several questions and using a mixed research method. The qualitative stage uses grounded theory methods following a systematic review of the literature on sustainable supply chain management and its adaptation to the local needs of the sustainable supply chain in one of the country’s largest oil companies. The statistical population of the research includes all employees of the NISOC with an unlimited number, of which 384 subjects are randomly selected as samples. In this study, a questionnaire is used as the data collection tool. The questionnaire designed in this research is based on a 5-point Likert scale. Options range from strongly agree to disagree strongly. The research hypotheses are tested using SmartPLS software. According to the results, the organizational performance and efficiency in the NISOC are affected by the green supply chain, industry supply chain, macro policies, socioeconomic factors, organizational factors, political factors, technology, manufactured products, customers, and supply chain failures. As shown in this study, using sustainable approaches to the supply chain of the petroleum company improves the situation of this organization and increases its effectiveness and efficiency. Further, the performance of individual components of organizations increases due to the sustainability model in this company

Southeast Asia is a region undergoing economic development and technological advancement. This region's economic growth is supported by the digital world, which contributes in the form of a digital economy. However, as the digital economy grows, cyberspace lacks stable cyber security governance. As a result, this area is extremely vulnerable to all types of cyber threats. The author intends to interpret the role of state actors, non-state actors, and international organizations in developing cybersecurity governance in Southeast Asia through this article. In a conceptual framework, the preparation of regional governance must involve collaboration across actors due to their distinct functions. Such governance can maintain cyber security while also accommodating stakeholders in the Southeast Asian region through multi-sectoral collaboration. Therefor, the authors argued that the collaboration between state, non-state, and regional organization are needed to overcome cyber threats. In addition, regional cybersecurity governance should be a turning point to make more secure cyber space in Southeast Asia.

Purpose: This article aims to investigate the impact of strategic human resources management (SHRM) on organizational excellence across various sectors. Methodology: This study, aimed at practical application, employs a descriptive-survey research design for information gathering, situating it within the quantitative descriptive-analytical category. The statistical population consists of managers, deputy managers, and employees of the Zahedan Education Organization, totaling 1929 individuals. The sample size was determined to be 320 participants based on the Krejcie and Morgan table, considering the total population number. A stratified random sampling method, organized by educational region, was utilized for selecting the sample. For research question exploration and data analysis, both descriptive and inferential statistical methods were applied using the SPSS 23 and Amos software programs. Findings: The SEM analysis demonstrated all paths to be significantly accepted, with p-values ranging from <0.001 to 0.003, indicating strong statistical support for the hypothesized relationships. This evidences a robust model that accurately captures the dynamics and influences within the organization, providing a solid foundation for strategic planning and implementation. Conclusion: Strategic HRM is pivotal in achieving organizational excellence, necessitating a holistic and strategic approach to managing human resources. Organizations that effectively integrate SHRM practices within their strategic planning processes can enhance performance, adaptability, and resilience, achieving a sustainable competitive advantage. Future research should explore the dynamic interactions between SHRM practices and emerging global challenges to further understand HRM's evolving role.

Huge economic, social, political, and technological changes in recent decades have brought increasing complexity and decreasing predictability of organizations' environments. One of the solutions offered to deal with such environments is the agile approach to human resources. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the driving factors in human resource agility based on government policies. The current research is developmental in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of the method with a combined (qualitative and quantitative) approach. The research community in the qualitative part included professors, experts in the field of human resources, and senior managers of the human resources department, and in the quantitative part, the senior and middle managers of the country's tax affairs organization who had a bachelor's degree or higher. Relevant data were extracted from theoretical literature and semi-structured open interviews in the qualitative section. The tool for data collection was a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part. The results of the qualitative part led to the identification of 13 main categories, which are categorized into four main clusters (The propellants of human resource agility, Human resource agility policies, operational components of human resource agility, and Results and Functions of human resource agility) and became a five-point Likert scale questionnaire. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that all items have a significant relationship with the structure and the proposed structural model has a good fit. The results of the path analysis showed that the operational components of human resource agility have a mediating role in the relationship between the drivers of human resource agility and the results and functions of human resource agility. Human resource agility policies have a mediating role in the relationship between the propellants of human resource agility and the results and performance of human resource agility.

We seek to determine the optimal amount of the insurer’s investment in all types of assets for a small and closed economy. The goal is to detect the implications and contributions the risk seeker and risk aversion insurer commonly make and the effectiveness in the investment decision. Also, finding the optimum portfolio for each is the main goal of the present study. To this end, we adopted the optimal asset-liability management (ALM) method to control the firm's risk of financial stability and growth by balancing the assets and liabilities of the firm. In the process, stochastic interest rates and inflation risks were taken into account according to the expected utility maximization framework. All assets were established and calculated by the Kalman Filter with the stochastic interest rate following the Hull-White model; an additional stochastic process models the inflation risk. To consider the stochastic process, we employed the geometric Brownian motion in the liability process to ensure a definite liability value. We chose Iran’s Social Security Organization as our sample insurer company since it has a portfolio of five types of assets and four types of liabilities, and operates in a small and closed economy. By Applying the ALM method with the stochastic control theory approach, we acquire the optimal investment strategies for insurers to minimize their risk. Our findings demonstrate the effects of model parameters, such as the degree of risk-taking on the insurer decision.

Controversy has not been yet resolved among researchers in second language research over the pedagogical efficacy of feedback in enhancing various features of learners’ writing skill. Research findings highlighting the significance of interactive tasks and learners’ engagement in improving the learning process stimulated the present study, the purpose of which was to explore the effect of task-supported interactive feedback on the accuracy, fluency, and organization of seventy two Iranian English major sophomores at Islamic Azad University-Mashhad Branch. It was hypothesized that engaging learners in both tasks and providing feedback would enhance their writing performance. The participants in three intact classes were randomly assigned to three groups: a control group, with no task (NTG), and two experimental groups: the task-supported group (TG), and the task-supported group with interactive feedback (TFG). Four one way analyses of variance tests were run on the research data indicated that the apparent gain in the task-supported interactive group over the other groups did not reach significance level. However, the TG group outperformed the control group in all three aspects of writing. The findings have pedagogical implications and can be interpreted in terms of socio-cultural characteristics of Iranian students.