مطالب

Background: UAV-assisted communication networks have emerged as vital tools for disaster recovery, offering rapid deployment and scalability in dynamic environments. However, challenges such as regulatory compliance, data security, energy efficiency, and real-time adaptability limit their widespread implementation. Objective: This study aims to develop a multi-objective optimization framework for UAV-assisted networks that enhances coverage efficiency, reduces latency, and optimizes energy consumption while addressing regulatory and data security challenges. Methods: The proposed framework integrates k-means clustering, genetic algorithms, and real-time adaptation mechanisms. Key metrics: coverage, latency, energy efficiency, and regulatory compliance, were evaluated across urban, suburban, and rural disaster scenarios. Dynamic geofencing, end-to-end encryption, and anomaly detection were incorporated to ensure compliance and secure operations. Results: The framework achieved significant improvements: coverage efficiency increased by 8%, latency reduced by 43%, and battery life extended by 33%. Regulatory compliance rose from 75% to 95%, and data security was enhanced with a 50% improvement in threat detection. The framework demonstrated robust scalability, maintaining high performance across diverse user densities. Conclusion: The study presents a scalable and adaptable UAV-assisted communication framework that addresses operational, regulatory, and security challenges. Its results validate its potential for real-world disaster recovery, paving the way for further innovations in this critical domain.

Objective: Considering domestic violence occurs in the context of marital relationship, it seems necessary to examine the individual characteristics of each couple in the occurrence of this phenomenon. Therefore, the purpose of this study was Comparison of communication skills, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies and Communication Patterns in Women with and Without Experience of Domestic Violence. Methods: The present study was an analytical-comparative study. The statistical populations of this study were all women of Rasht city in the 2018 year. Among these women, 120 persons were considered as a research sample; of these, 60 people in the group of women with experience of violence were selected using available sampling method and 60 people in the group of women without experience of violence were selected using cluster sampling method. Data measurement tools in this study were Communication Skills Questionnaire (CSTRQ), Marital Relationship Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). The data of this study were analyzed using independent t-test in SPSS 21. Results:  The results showed that there was a significant difference between communication skills and communication patterns of constructive interaction and withdrawal-belonging pattern in women with and without experience of domestic violence (P <0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of communication pattern of mutual avoidance and cognitive regulation of emotion. Conclusion: Considering the important role of communication skills and patterns in the occurrence or prevention of domestic violence, communication skills training in premarital counseling and marital counseling seems necessary.

Saul (2002) criticizes a view on the relationship between speaker meaning and conversational implicatures according to which speaker meaning is exhaustively comprised of what is said and what is implicated. In the course of making her points, she develops a couple of new notions which she calls “utterer-implicature” and “audience-implicature”. She then makes certain claims about the relationship between the intersection of those two notions and successful communication and also about the difference between conversational implicature and the intersection of utterer and audience implicatures. Finally, she tries to figure out the role and importance of conversational implicature in communication. Her claim on this issue is that conversational implicature plays a normative role in communication. In this paper, I will introduce her views on the above issues and critically engage some of them. I will show that her identification of successful communication with the intersection of utterer and audience implicatures is wrong. I will then show that her views on the difference between conversational implicature and the intersection of utterer and audience implicature run to several problems. Finally, appealing to what she says in Saul (2010) I try to make her claim about the normative character of conversational implicature more accurate.

Purpose: In the age of Communication, all aspect of education, especially sexual education, will be changed. Threats will be revealed, by inappropriate use of concepts related to sexual education. Therefore, the goal of this research was to explore the main elements of student sexual education in the age of Communication to design a model based on grounded theory. Methods: This study has a qualitative approach and grounded theory has been used as a research method. For gathering data, high level documents have been studied and interviewed 25 experts who were aware of the subject. The participants were selected through purposeful sampling method and the data were analyzed simultaneously by continuously comparisons based on Corbin and Strauss method. Results: The findings of study formed the basis of a conceptual model including the following components: Casual Condition (necessity: Awareness, directing, lack of appropriate program), phenomenon(opportunities and threats of sexual education in Communication), context conditions(Time, place and method of sexual education), intervening conditions(social-cultural structures including incorrect beliefs, parents' attitudes, family structure), strategies(Principles and Indicators of Sexual Education in the Viewpoint of Islam)and consequences(development all aspects of intercultural education at individual, national levels). Conclusions: Basis of a conceptual model, necessity, education and social-cultural structures effected phenomenon (opportunities and threats of sexual education in Communication) in Iranian society. And strategies include of Principles and Indicators of Damage and Health of Sexual Education in the Viewpoint of Islam had to lead to development all aspects of intercultural education at individual, national levels.

Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate marital burnout and to determine the effectiveness of a communication skills training protocol. Methods: The experimental method employed was a single-subject design with multiple baselines, involving couples seeking counseling at the Raz City Clinic in Shiraz and the Clinic of the General Directorate of Exceptional Education in Fars Province, during the autumn of 2021. Among these couples, three pairs exhibiting the highest levels of marital burnout were selected using a purposive sampling method. The therapeutic program of the communication skills training protocol was conducted by the researcher over 10 sessions, followed by a follow-up in two stages, one month apart. The participants responded to the Marital Burnout Scale at the baseline, post-treatment, and follow-up stages. Data were analyzed using visual analysis methods, the recovery percentage formula, and the reliable change index. Findings: Findings indicated that the communication skills training protocol enhanced marital quality and reduced marital burnout, with these effects being maintained during the follow-up phase. Conclusion: The treatment protocol proved to be effective, and couple therapists can utilize these communication skills in their work with couples to reduce marital burnout and enhance marital quality, particularly during the early years of marriage, where it can have a significant impact.

The purpose of this study was to compare the brand communication dimensions in the clothing and footwear industry. This research was descriptive-correlational and its statistical population consisted of consumers of footwear and sports clothing in Iran. The statistical sample was estimated according to the Cochran formula. Finally, 379 questionnaires were used to analyse the data. The findings of this study showed that all the paths except for the effect of brand experience on satisfaction in both industries and the effect of experience on loyalty in the shoe industry was significant. The role of mediator of brand loyalty and satisfaction in all directions, except the path of brand experience to loyalty, has been confirmed in the sports shoes industry. Comparing the two proposed models, only trust path on brand satisfaction, had a significant difference between the sports shoes industry and the sports clothing industry.

Monetary policy as a tool for expectations management is believed to be most effective if it can coordinate the beliefs and expectations of the economic agents. The optimal communication policy is in an environment where central bank announcements are common knowledge and abundant information is complete transparency. The above conclusion is altered in the more realistic situation where economic agents face uncertainty regarding underlying economic fundamentals combined with strategic complementarity between player’s actions. The optimal communication policy in a case with imperfect common knowledge is incomplete transparency or a degree of opacity. Uncertainty about the underlying economic state in the presence of strategic complementarity is the origin for the emergence of imperfect common knowledge. We further develop these issues in the context of a Lucas-island model. Full policy transparency in this setting leads to an economic distortion residing in a wedge between economic agent’s expectations and optimal fundamental-based allocations—dubbed as over-reaction to the central bank announcements. JEL Classifications: E50, E58, E59, G11, G12, G13, G14

This study aims to explore therapists' experiences with nonverbal communication techniques in psychotherapy for children with autism. This qualitative study employed a phenomenological approach to gain in-depth insights into therapists' experiences. Sixteen licensed therapists with at least two years of experience working with children with autism were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, each lasting 60-90 minutes, and were transcribed verbatim for analysis. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify key themes and patterns in the data. NVivo software was used to facilitate the organization and analysis of qualitative data, ensuring rigor through triangulation, member checking, and maintaining an audit trail. The analysis revealed four main themes: implementation of nonverbal techniques, perceived effectiveness, challenges and barriers, and strategies for overcoming barriers. Therapists reported using a variety of nonverbal techniques such as gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, body language, and physical proximity. These techniques were perceived as highly effective in enhancing understanding, emotional connection, behavioral improvements, and self-expression in children with autism. However, challenges such as therapist-child compatibility, resource limitations, environmental factors, and inconsistent parental involvement were noted. Strategies to overcome these challenges included continuous training, collaborative approaches, adaptive techniques, creating supportive environments, and leveraging technology. Nonverbal communication techniques are essential in psychotherapy for children with autism, significantly enhancing therapeutic outcomes. Despite challenges, these techniques, when tailored to individual needs and supported by continuous training and collaboration, can greatly benefit children with autism. Future research should focus on larger and more diverse samples, quantitative measures of effectiveness, and the role of cultural sensitivity in nonverbal communication strategies.

English as the most popular international system of communication plays an undeniable role in the communication of various disciplines. Present study followed a quantitative approach. The study involved studying the effects of teaching tourism vocabulary on communication skills of the students of tourism and hotel management. Forty-six students participated in the study. Two groups were formed randomly; experimental and control. They took the PET test. Their scores from the PET test were used to check the homogeneity of the learners and their pretest communication skills score. The learners’ communication skills scores were the collection of their listening and speaking scores from the PET test. After the treatment, the learners took the listening and speaking tests from the PET test. Their mean scores were calculated and compared to find any significant difference. The results showed that the experimental group’s communication skills outperformed the control group. Moreover, the results of the study showed the importance of teaching vocabulary for improving communication skills of the students.  

Nowadays, many companies cannot see the digital investment that plays a main role in the IR 4.0. Therefore, this study is investigating the study of investment as plays a critical role in an analytical activity to assess the benefits and costs of an investment and can be used as an investment justification. Traditional investment appraisal uses a financial approach where the benefits and costs are quantified in a certain amount of value for money and then compared in value. Moreover, this study is revealed the fruitful outcomes because revealed the investment valuation method with NPV (Net Present Value) and ROV (Real Option Valuation). ROV is an alternative to financial valuation. Seeding from the same philosophy as Financial Option, ROV has advantages in handling the flexibility, risk, and volatility that may occur from an investment. Thus, ROV is considered more able to appreciate an investment that has these characteristics. Investment appraisal with ROV is better able to appreciate investment than traditional financial methods, as shown by ROV's NPV results in the case of marketing with Loyalty points through email communication as a digital investment that are greater than ordinary NPV. This is because ROV can appreciate flexibility in investments that have choices of investment plans in the future

The article investigates in-depth the theoretical provisions for the construction of modern product quality management systems, providing for the optimization and transformation of individual production and economic processes to a higher quality level, as well as the functions integration of enterprise management system and product quality management system; such integration is carried out on the basis of knowledge, information and communications, which are the basis of external integration processes of the enterprise. This provided an opportunity to develop a scientific and methodological approach to the formation of an adaptive quality system capable of producing high quality products over a long period of time. The generalization of practical aspects of the research provided an opportunity to build an algorithm and determine the tools for the formation of an adaptive product quality management system using modern computer technology for effective information support.

This paper argues that Iran needs to review and reform its press legal regime with much greater consideration for new technologies in today’s information society arena. A free press is one of the few, and possibly the only, means to force the government to be held accountable for its actions. The history of press law in the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) dates back to the creation of the first legislation (1930) in this country. Today, with the innovative advances in communication and the needs of “netizens” (a term for citizens who use networks for communication), the IRI Press Law does not have sufficient flexibility with international documents or reflect the impact of new technologies regarding the freedom of expression. Therefore, many of the questions in this era remain unanswered

This paper reports on how top EFL students foster oral communication strategies (OCSs) throughout their 4-year English program at the university level. It is a cross-sectional study of 40 EFL learners enrolled in the Department of English, Faculty of Education, Taiz University, Yemen. Data were collected through a questionnaire based on Oxford’s Strategy inventory for language learning (SILL). The findings revealed that the respondents not only used listening and speaking strategies in Oxford’s inventory but also invented some other strategies to cope with their learning environment. It was also found that the more they advance in the EFL program, the more their strategic competence improves. The results confirm previous studies that high-achieving learners employ several OCSs which facilitate their success. These strategies are put forward to low-achieving learners so as to elevate their English learning.

Background: The visual turn is one of the most important features of contemporary culture. Therefore, in climate change communication, images can play a crucial role in conveying environmental messages. Environmental advocates use the potential of visuals to deliver part of their messages to their audience. However, only a limited number of studies have focused on the visualization of climate change communication. Given the characteristics of social media, free from the constraints of mainstream media, they can serve as a suitable platform for visualizing climate change messages.Aims: Despite Iran's role in greenhouse gas emissions and the engagement of environmental activists, no research has been conducted on the role of images in conveying climate change messages on Iranian social media. Therefore, the main question of this research is: How do Iranian users on social media platform X frame climate change through images, and within what discourses?Methodology: To answer the question of the research, a combination of quantitative and qualitative visual discourse analysis was applied to 500 images in 2023.Findings: Studies on the visualization of climate change messages have predominantly focused on developed countries. The findings reveal that Iranian users have addressed climate change through four key discourses: scientific, political, ecological, and protest. Furthermore, the results show that visual discourses have been seen globally in Persian X and it has addressed the present tense and the framework of the consequences.Conclusion: In general, the public's attention to climate change in Iranian society reflects the dynamism of the environmental movement in Iran and the growth of environmental literacy among Iranian social media users.

Aim:   Considering the effects of hidden communication aggression and its consequences on the couple's relations, reducing it can diminish its consequences. The present study aimed to examine the model of direct and indirect effects of self-esteem and communication skills on sexual satisfaction with mediating role of hidden aggression dimensions of spouses in female nurses of public and private hospitals in Shiraz city.   Methods: The study sample consisted of 310 female nurses selected through the two-stage random cluster sampling method. The research method was correlational, and the research tools were the Self-Esteem Scale (SES), the Marital Social-Skills Inventory (MSSI), the Hidden Communication Aggression Scale (HCAS), and the Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women (SSSW). Data analysis was done using Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling.   Results:   The results showed that there was a significant relationship in the direct paths of self-esteem to the social image sabotage, self-esteem to emotional withdrawal, communication skills to emotional withdrawal, self-esteem to sexual satisfaction, communication skills to sexual satisfaction, social image sabotage to sexual satisfaction, and emotional withdrawal to sexual satisfaction, but the relation of communication skills to the social image sabotage was not significant (P=0.41). Also, the mediating role of emotional withdrawal was significant between self-esteem and sexual satisfaction (P=0.006, b=0.038) and between communication skills and sexual satisfaction (P=0.006, b=-0.062) at P<0.05. But the mediating role of the social image sabotage variable was not significant between communication skills and sexual satisfaction (P=0.20, b=0.027) and between self-esteem and sexual satisfaction (p=0.06, b=-0.034).   Conclusion: Researchers interested in this field are suggested to examine the effect of home violence and especially covert violence in other psychological variables so that the results of this type of violence in married life can be better recognized. The results of this research on self-esteem showed that people with high self-esteem have higher quality and satisfaction in their relationships and married life. Thus, those responsible for the education and upbringing of people since childhood (family, teachers, counselors, etc.) should attempt to increase this spirit in people and make the increase of this spirit in the individual a priority of their work

This article examines gendered patterns in public discourse by analyzing the cognitive and sociolinguistic features of interruptions, turn-taking, and collaborative language during Iraqi TV talk shows. We used a mixed-methods approach to examine transcripts from 20 episodes of TV talk shows in which both male and female guests appeared. This and other studies suggest that there are strong gender-based differences in, for example the per cent of talk with interruptions (evaluated by numerical frequency), topic control or continue, males talking more than females coded as take-talks or pivoting responses, whereas types of type-control regards turn taking was higher among female speakers than male while total degree of fluency to engaged language use. These trends are consistent with Iraq's historical gendered norms — a juxtaposition against American shifts toward more equitable media relations. The main conclusions suggest the significance of cultural constraints in communication, indicating practical paths for media literacy as well as suggestions where sociolinguistic training and gender-inclusive policy design may benefit from a closer look.

The 21st century, no doubt, witnessed a rapid transformation generally and particularly in Information and Communication Technology (ICT). This has resulted in the emancipation of globalization in the entire world. The primitive ways of disseminating Information and Communication attitudes have been enhanced to a greater extent. Acquiring information has gone electronic whereby one can reach every part of the world to source information from his local point. Teachers and books are no longer the only sources of information. Educational accessibility is now vast the most students are seemingly more informed than their teachers. Currently, education or learnedness has no boundary and as such no apex, all for in the impact of ICT. The present study is meant to deal with the concept of information and communication Technologies (ITC) and sought to examine the important role of it in promotion of religious education. It will also analyze the advantages and disadvantages of ICT and provide some suggestive measures to make better use of ICT for the promotion of Religious Education (RE

Objective: The purpose of this research was the effectiveness of Imago Therapy on love styles and communication problems of married women. Methods: The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test post-test control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all women attending counseling centers in Alborz province in 2022. Since the research method was semi-experimental, 76 married women volunteered to participate in the study through availability sampling. After completing the Love Scale questionnaires (Hatfield & Sprecher, 1986) and the Queendom Communication Skills Questionnaire (CSTR), those who obtained the lowest averages on these two questionnaires were selected using simple random sampling (30 individuals, 15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group). The data analysis in this research was conducted in the inferential statistics section, taking into account the nature of the study and the distance of the scale of the dependent variables. The parametric analysis of covariance test was used in the SPSS-22 software environment. Results: Findings showed that the value of F resulting from the analysis of covariance of multiple variables (Wilks Lambda=0.347.0, 2=653, P=0.001, F (25 and 2) =23.56) is significant. This indicates that the implementation of Imago Therapy has had a significant effect on communication skills and passionate love. Conclusions: Based on this, the hypothetical test concluded that Imago Therapy affects the styles of love and communication issues of married women.

Purpose: This aim of this study was investigate the model of organizational culture with psychological well-being with mediating of communication skills. Methodology: Present study was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The research population was education staff of Marvdasht County in 2019 years. The research sample was 400 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Data were collected by the questionnaires of organizational culture (Glaser & et al, 1987), psychological well-being (Ryff, 1989) and communication skills (Burton, 1990) and analyzed by structural equation modeling method with using path analysis in SPSS-25 and AMOS-23 software. Findings: The findings showed that organizational culture had a direct and significant effect on communication skills and psychological well-being, communication skills had a direct and significant effect on psychological well-being and organizational culture had an indirect and significant effect on psychological well-being with mediating of communication skills (P<0.01). Also, the model of organizational culture with psychological well-being with mediating of communication skills had a good fit. Conclusion: Regarded to the proper fit of the model and direct and indirect relationships of variables, it is recommended to promote the psychological well-being of education staff by improving their organizational culture and communication skills through improving the status of staff and workshops