رحمان غفاری

Purpose: Flexible working hours can impact employee productivity. Therefore, the current research aimed to present a model for flexible working hours in public organizations, emphasizing increasing the productivity level of knowledge workers. Methodology: The present study was applied in objective and mixed-method (qualitative and quantitative) in execution. The qualitative study population included all academic and organizational experts familiar with the research domain, with a sample size of 25 determined based on theoretical saturation principle and selected through purposive sampling. The quantitative study population comprised all staff members of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare, with a sample size of 205 determined by Cochran's formula and selected through simple random sampling. Data for qualitative and quantitative sections were collected respectively using interviews and researcher-made questionnaires and analyzed with thematic analysis and exploratory factor analysis methods in Maxqda and Smart-PLS software, respectively. Findings: Qualitative findings revealed that flexible working hours encompassed 15 sub-themes in 3 main themes: floating work hours, floating work location, and collaborative work; and employee productivity comprised 20 sub-themes in 3 main themes: self-management, self-control, and self-organization. Quantitative findings indicated that all themes of flexible working hours and employee productivity had a factor loading and extracted variance mean higher than 0.50 and Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability higher than 0.80. Other findings showed that the themes of floating work hours, floating work location, and collaborative work had a direct and significant effect on flexible working hours, and the themes of self-management, self-control, and self-organization had a direct and significant effect on employee productivity, and flexible working hours had a direct and significant effect on employee productivity (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that flexible working hours play an effective role in enhancing the level of employee productivity. Therefore, to improve employee productivity, the themes of floating work hours, floating work location, and collaborative work can be utilized.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to design a model to improve the physiological performance of human resources, based on the biorhythm cycle in educational and medical centers. Methodology: the combined research method is based on exploratory mixed research (qualitative - quantitative). Statistical population in the qualitative section of a group of experts including professors in the field of organizational behavior management in universities and higher education centers, Vice Chancellor for Management Development and Resources of Medical Universities and experts on physiological performance and biorhythm cycle and in the quantitative section; The staff in rotation of Imam Khomeini Educational and Medical Center in Sari consisted of 820 nurses, midwives, paramedics, services, laboratory and radiology; In the qualitative part, using the snowball method to achieve theoretical saturation, in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 experts, and in the quantitative part, to measure the model, a researcher-made questionnaire with relative class sampling method was used among 264 people. was distributed. To determine the validity and reliability in the qualitative stage, the necessary tests, including acceptability and capability, are used, and in the quantitative stage, the validity of the 74-item questionnaire by face and content method (CVR and CVI range for items between 0.6 to 0.1, 0.85 and 0.1, respectively) and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha method by 83% of the cases Confirmed. Data were analyzed in qualitative stage with grounded theory technique with MAXqda2018 software and in quantitative stage with structural equations (heuristic and confirmatory factor analysis) with SPSS and AMOS software. Finding: The results of the qualitative part indicate that the physiological performance model of human resources, based on the biorhythm cycle has 16 dimensions in terms of causal conditions (working conditions, demographic characteristics and individual conditions), contextual conditions (organizational structure, motivation of managers and employees and intelligence Ethical), intervention conditions (culture building, teamwork and organizational and non-organizational challenges), strategy (training and awareness, biorhythm cycle planning and performance management) and outcome (job performance improvement, physiological performance of human resources and improvement Organizational performance) has been. Conclusion: The results of the quantitative section showed that all dimensions of the research model were confirmed.

Background: As societies have become more complicated to manage, it is already unavoidable for governments to evaluate public policies. Moreover, adherence to professional ethics is an important criterion in evaluations. Therefore, the present research sought to provide a model for public policy evaluation based on the aspects of professional ethics. Method: The approach of the present study was mixed (qualitative- quantitative) and in terms of purpose it was applicable research. In the qualitative section, participants included academic experts and governorate experts of Golestan province, 14 of whom were selected by purposive sampling. The research tool was semi-structured interviews and coding method was used to analyze the data. In the quantitative part, the statistical population was the managers and experts of the governorate and governorates (630 people) that the sample size was 248 people and the sampling method was random. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on qualitative findings. Friedman statistical test with Spss26 software was used to analyze the data. Cronbach's alpha test was used for the validity of the questionnaire from the perspective of experts and its reliability (0.91). Results : The results showed that from the experts' point of view, 6 main themes (quality of effective evaluators in policy, ethical nature of policy, how policy is implemented, factors related to economic planning, openness and accountability and attention to structural issues) and 19 components in public policy evaluation model emphasizing the quality of the dimensions of professional ethics in the governorates of the country. Quantitative results showed that the ethical nature of the policy was the most important component of the general policy evaluation model with emphasis on professional ethics (M = 5.23). Conclusion : It can be concluded that the public policy evaluation model with an emphasis on professional ethics has different cultural, economic, social, and professional elements, which for better governance of provincial governments, they must be considered by executive authorities at the country’s macro and micro levels.