مطالب

This mixed-methods study investigated the communicative competence and communicative strategies employed by Iranian English for Specific Purposes (ESP) students and teachers, a context where curricula often prioritize linguistic knowledge over interactive proficiency. Data were collected from 150 Master of Arts (MA) engineering students and ten ESP instructors using a communicative competence questionnaire and audio-recorded classroom observations. The observations were transcribed and coded using an established taxonomy of communicative strategies, which demonstrated high inter-rater reliability. The results revealed a difference wherein students reported strong self-perceived interpersonal skills but exhibited significant difficulties in conversational smoothness and comfort. Analysis of classroom interactions showed that students relied predominantly on compensatory strategies, with a heavy use of code-switching, while teachers primarily used stalling strategies. A significant difference was found in the strategic patterns between the two groups, and more complex strategies like circumlocution were absent among the students. The findings point to a critical misalignment between students’ sociocultural confidence and their strategic repertoire, underscoring a systemic neglect of oral proficiency and strategy training. The study concludes that a curricular shift toward explicit strategy instruction and authentic communicative practice is urgently needed in Iranian ESP education.

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of peculiarities of the content types, which can be placed in social media and Ukrainian Internet media, its differences, types of manipulation, and methods of prevention, perception, and distribution of unreliable information, determination of difference between fact and judgment. The article also analyzes the statistics of social media usage in Ukraine and around the world, using Facebook as an example. Various kinds and types of media existing on the Internet and traditional, conducted a survey of the most popular content using the Starch method, it was possible to identify how a person perceives one content that is placed on different media. The relationship between content type and media type is established. The phenomenon of information restriction, arising as a result of modern algorithms embedded in the Internet companies and social media, their positive and negative aspects and why, therefore, we are deprived of a choice among a wide range of other topics, and learning some other points of view was considered. Examining the origin and meaning of the "Information Bubble" term, the authors propose to use a different term, "Membrane of Relevance", which, in their opinion, is more relevant to the essence of the said concept. The authors propose to use a taxonomy method to determine the impact of content on a particular type of media, which will greatly simplify the content analysis process.

Retailers need to take care of their customers and attract new customers through introducing and advertising their products, considering that social network marketing communication has created a new and profound transformation in businesses. Retailers need to exploit and be more effective. Making their connections in the created space. Therefore, in this research, we present a model for the effectiveness of marketing communication in social networks for the first time in the retail industry in Iran. The statistical population of the research was determined by using targeted sampling among experts, including academic professors and marketing managers of retail companies, and using coding in the software, four main themes were extracted from interviews with the statistical population and related to the subject of research and information. Among the researcher's notes, the codes (concepts) of branding, brand preference, sales increase, word of mouth, and commercial advertising have been the most frequent. This model can be used by retail owners and business managers to create a sustainable competitive advantage through social networks, increasing the effectiveness of market communication.

Information and communication technology (ICT) has provided a platform for the supply of innovative products and services. Therefore, the innovation ecosystem of communication technology (CT) has more searchable aspects separated from information technology (IT). This research aimed to provide insights into the state-of-the-art innovation ecosystem of the communication technology industry and suggests attitudes for future research. In this article, by review of more than 40 articles and chapters about the innovation ecosystem, the analysis has utilized data-driven tools, 173 questionnaires, and 20 specialized interviews with experts. The extracted factors of the research were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software, and the research model was analyzed using the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) in MATLAB software. The results show that the financial and economic factor has the most impact and the national and regional factor has the least importance in the innovation ecosystem model. The financial and economic factor is significantly different from other factors in terms of degree of importance.

This study investigated the effect of role-play and simulation approach on Malaysian Polytechnic engineering students’ ESL oral communication skills. In addition, the study examined the students’ perceptions of the effect of the role-play and simulation on their oral communication skills. A mixed method design was employed, using both quantitative and qualitative data collection approaches. The quantitative data were collected from the quasi-experimental study (n=100). The data were collected using a set of questionnaires, a pre and post-test. The data from the questionnaires were analysed using descriptive statistics (percentages and means). The results showed that there was a significant difference between the pre-test and the post-test scores of the role-play and simulation group compared to the traditional group. The findings indicated that the students in the role-play and simulation group had performed better in the post-test compared to the pre-test after the exposure to the role-play and simulation approach in the ESL oral communication skills classes. An implication of the study is that role-play and simulation approach can serve as a possible strategy to improve students’ ESL oral communication skills.

La littérature mystique est un genre littéraire qui aborde des sujets liés au mysticisme. De nombreux écrivains et poètes explorent ces thèmes dans leurs œuvres. Influencé par Mowlana, Christian Bobin, un écrivain contemporain de la littérature française, dont la familiarité avec Rumi est marquée par sa passion et son regard positif envers ce poète iranien, a reflété les thèmes et les aspects mystiques de la poésie de ce dernier dans ses propres ouvrages. Etant donné que l’étude d'influence est considérée comme l'une des branches de la littérature comparée, nous allons analyser, à travers une méthode comparative et analytique, l'influence et la présence de Mowlana et de son mysticisme chez cet écrivain français en utilisant les théories de Siegbert Salomon Prawer dans le domaine des études d’influence et de thématique. Nous constaterons que les thèmes et les notions mystiques des œuvres du poète iranien, tels que la présence et l'amour de Dieu, la mort et la nature se retrouvent dans les textes et les œuvres de Bobin, ce qui atteste de l'influence de Mowlana sur l'écrivain français. Cette influence prononcée a pu jouer à son tour un rôle indéniable dans la réception de Bobin en Iran..

This study tested the impact of implicit and explicit knowledge of grammar on learners’ use of oral communication strategies (OCSs) and the interface of OCSs and oral fluency. The study was performed on 24 male and 36 female Iranian university students of English Translation studying at Payame Nour Universities of Lar, Khonj, and Evaz chosen based on availability and ease of access. The data were gathered using Timed Grammaticality Judgement Test (Dekeyser, 2000) as a measure of implicit knowledge of grammar, a structure section of TOEFL Paper-based Test (version 2004) as a measure of explicit knowledge of grammar, Oral Communication Strategies Inventory (Nakatani, 2006), and two oral production tasks for measuring learners' oral fluency. Analysis of the data using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Pearson’s Correlation showed that both implicit and explicit knowledge of grammar affect learners’ use of oral communication strategies; however, no relationship was found between overall use of OCSs and oral fluency which can be suggestive of greater or possibly overriding impacts of some other variables on oral fluency compared to OCSs. The findings of the study are supposed to provide guidelines for learners, teachers and syllabus designers concerning the use of OCSs, especially with regard to other variables considered in this study.

Purpose: The interaction of remote employees can play an effective role in improving the situation of the organization, which possible factors affecting it include the use of information and communication technology and internal communication satisfaction. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between the use of information and communication technology, internal communication satisfaction and interaction of remote employees with structural equation modeling. Methodology: In a descriptive research from type of correlation, from among the education employees of one district of Tehran city number of 220 people were selected as a sample with using the stratified random sampling method. In this study, in order to collect research data was used the Lee standard questionnaire (2023), which in the present study its validity and reliability were checked and confirmed. The data of this study were analyzed by structural equation modeling method in SPSS and Smart PLS software. Findings: The findings of the present study showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between the use of information and communication technology, internal communication satisfaction and employee interaction (P<0.01). Also, the model of use information and communication technology on employee interaction with the mediator of internal communication satisfaction had a good fit. In this model, the use of information and communication technology had a direct and significant effect on internal communication satisfaction and employee interaction and internal communication satisfaction had a direct and significant effect on employee interaction. In addition, the use of information and communication technology with the mediator of internal communication satisfaction had an indirect and significant effect on employee interaction (P<0.001). Conclusion: Considering the direct and indirect impact of the use of information and communication technology on employee interaction, in order to promote the status of the organization and employee interaction can be provided the conditions for improve the use of information and communication technology and internal communication satisfaction.

INTRODUCTION: The most important, useful, and cost-effective way to attain organizational goals is the improvement of intergenerational-interpersonal communication among different generations of employees in the workplace. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the role of intergenerational-interpersonal communication in the performance of 50s-70s-generation employees of the Red Crescent Society of Tehran (age range of 20-40 years) in 2019. METHODS: This applied research was conducted based on a descriptive-survey design. The statistical population of this study includes all employees of the Red Crescent Society of Tehran province (n=160). The participants were selected via the census method. A researcher-made questionnaire was employed to collect data, and SPSS software (version 24) was used for data analysis. FINDINGS: Based on the results, the variables and dimensions of intergenerational-interpersonal communication were significantly and strongly correlated with the performance of 50s-70s-generation employees of the Red Crescent Society of Tehran province. In other words, the employees' performance will be enhanced with an improvement in the dimensions of intergenerational-interpersonal communication. CONCLUSION: As evidenced by the obtained results, effective intergenerational-interpersonal communication skills training should be considered one of the goals of stakeholders. Moreover, groupism and relationship solidarity are among the effective factors influencing employee performance. This solidarity can be significantly improved by the establishment of intimate relationships, membership in groups, interaction, face-to-face communication, social status, appropriate expectations, necessary trust, participation in decision-making, and managers' acceptance of individual differences.

The increase in environmental pollutions and the daily increasing destruction of the ecology have caused worries in the societies and drawn their attentions towards the reasons, outcomes as well as the methods of reducing them. Various factors are involved in reducing the aforesaid threatening conditions. The present study emphasizes on the role of the media and globalization of the communications and deals with the inclinations towards guarding and protecting the environment amongst the citizens residing Tehran. The present study makes use of a survey method. A total of 277 residents from Tehran were selected in urban districts one, five and fourteen. To analyze the obtained data, use was made of correlation analysis and multivariate regression test. The study findings of the correlation analysis part are reflective of the existence of a positive and significant relationship between the globalization of the communications and tendencies towards the environment conservation. As for the tendencies towards the environment protection, the study findings are suggestive of the idea that the study participants have been assessed in three levels, namely cognitive, affective and behavioral (in two dimensions of intervention and participation), and that the increase in the enjoyment of the global communications brings about an increase in individuals’ tendencies for environment conservation. These bioenvironmental analyses enable the instigation of more attention in the general public. However, the general public’s sensitivity might be provoked by means of the media and communications. It seems that the media analyses of the environment shoulders the essential role for the favorable bioenvironmental governance. Therefore, the most rational thing to do about the protection of the resources and environment is giving value to the media and communications.

Objective: The Present Study was Conducted to investigate the Mediating Role of Metacognitive Beliefs in the Relationship Between Family Communication Patterns and Perfectionism. The Current Research was a Correlational and Structural Equation Type. Methods: The Statistical Population of the Research Included All Male and Female Undergraduate, Master's and Doctoral Students at the University of Guilan who were Studying in 2022-2023. 204 People were Selected by Random Sampling Method and Answered the Perfectionism, Metacognitive Beliefs and Family Communication Patterns Questionnaires. Data Were Analyzed Using Structural Equation Modeling with SPSS-27 and SMART-PLS-3 Statistical Software. Results:The Results of Structural Equations Showed that the Fit of the Structural Model of the Family Communication Pattern with The Mediating Role of Metacognitive Beliefs on Perfectionism is Optimal so that Communication Orientation and Conformity Through Metacognitive Beliefs Have an Indirect Relationship with Perfectionism. Conclusion: According to the present study, the metacognitive beliefs of students are affected by the family communication pattern, which affects their perfectionism.

Oral Communication Strategies are conscious techniques that L2 interlocutors employ to overcome the communication breakdowns in the target language. Hence, they can help to promote the effectiveness of communication ability. However, it must be noted that many variables can influence the use of these strategies. The present study, therefore, aimed to investigate the role of language proficiency and cultural background variables on the use of oral communication strategies. After piloting the Oral Communication Strategy Inventory and Cultural Milieu and examining the reliability analysis as well as the construct validity, the questionnaires were administered to 320 participants majoring in the English language at B.A and M.A levels. Then, SPSS 18.0 computer program was used to analyze the collected data. Next, an interview was held to gain more information on the use of strategies by the Iranian EFL learners. The results of this inquiry revealed that there is no significant difference between learners at different language proficiency levels in terms of oral communication strategies use, while there is a significant difference between different cultural backgrounds in the use of OCSs. The findings of this research can be useful for developing the use of oral communication strategies among EFL learners, particularly with Persian and Turkish cultural backgrounds.

Second or foreign language (L2) learners’ development of interlanguage pragmatic (ILP) competence to understand and properly interpret utterances under certain social and cultural circumstances plays a pivotal role in the achievement of communicative competence. The current study was designed to explore the effects of synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC) and asynchronous computer-mediated communication (ACMC) course modules delivered through social media networks (SMN) on the development of the Iranian L2 learners’ comprehension of implicatures. The participants of the study were 90 English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) undergraduate students attending three intact classes. The classes were randomly assigned to one control and two experimental (SCMC and ACMC) groups. An open-ended implicature comprehension test was used to assess students’ ILP development in this pretest-posttest comparison-group study. The control group received the traditional teacher-fronted instruction, and the S/ACMC groups received instruction via synchronous and asynchronous modules of SMNs for 4 months, respectively. Students’ attitudes towards the CMC-based courses were also sought. Split-plot ANOVA results indicated that both experimental groups developed significant ILP ability to comprehend and interpret L2 implicatures after the instruction; however, by comparison, the ACMC group improved more considerably. It is concluded that, first, comprehending L2 implicatures is not impervious to computer-mediated instruction and, second, different CMC affordances may result in differential ILP developmental effects in teaching L2 pragmatics. The findings can help L2 teachers decide how to use CMC affordances and SMN modules to raise L2 learners’ pragmatic awareness

The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between Political Communication and Information Asymmetry with the efficiency of investment in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. To achieve the above goal, two hypotheses were formulated. To test research hypotheses, a sample consisting of 109 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 2014 to 2019 was selected. And a panel regression model based on composite data was used which has independent and dependent variables. The results of this study show that Political Communication has a negative and significant impact on Investment Efficiency, In contrast, Information Asymmetry has a positive and significant impact on Investment Efficiency, and this means that with increasing information asymmetry, investment efficiency increases. Therefore, political communications prefer corporate resources to pursue profitable investment options, thus altering corporate investment behaviors and reducing corporate investment efficiency. The results also show that Information asymmetry prevents investors from commenting on investment opportunities, thus allowing local managers to take advantage of profitable investment options.

The purpose of this study was to examine the accords and discords between English language teachers’ and students’ perceptions of teacher interpersonal behavior in four selected secondary schools in Ethiopia. The samples of the study were 48 English language teachers and their respective 420 students. In order to collect data, questionnaires were administered to both students and teachers. To analyze and interpret the data, a two-tailed independent sample t-test was used. Accordingly, the findings revealed that teachers rated themselves considerably higher for helpful/friendly, leadership, and strict behaviors and lower for uncertain, admonishing, student freedom/ responsibility and dissatisfied behaviors as compared to their students’ rating of them. However, no significant difference was found between the two bodies for understanding interpersonal behavior. Similarly, teachers notably felt they were highly in control of classroom communications and had more affiliation/ connection with the students in the process of communications than their students’ perceptions of them. Hence, there were much discords between English language teachers’ and students’ perceptions of teacher interpersonal behavior. Following the findings, some recommendations were forwarded.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of conversational style education through multimedia on increasing communication skills of female students. The research method was quasi-experimental and the statistical population included female students in sixth grade of District 2 of school system in Tehran(Iran), of whom 60 were selected by cluster sampling and placed in two groups of control and experiment. Data collection tools included Attar's standard communication skills questionnaire (2007) whose face validity was confirmed by eleven teachers using Delphi technique and its reliability through Cronbach's alpha coefficient for subscales, emotion management, others perception and assertiveness. It was equal to 0.92, 0.89 and 0.88, respectively. Research data were analyzed using SPSS.22 software. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the control and experimental groups regarding students' communication skills at the level of 95%. Students' communication skills in conversational style through multimedia were better than students trained in the traditional way. The results of this study indicate the positive role of interactive teaching through multimedia in increasing the communication skills of primary school students, and this emphasizes that schools and educational institutions need more multimedia tools to deepen Learn and enhance learners' communication skills.

Second or foreign language (L2) learners’ development of interlanguage pragmatic (ILP) competence to understand and properly interpret utterances under certain social and cultural circumstances plays a pivotal role in the achievement of communicative competence. The current study was designed to explore the effects of synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC) and asynchronous computer-mediated communication (ACMC) course modules delivered through social media networks (SMN) on the development of the Iranian L2 learners’ comprehension of implicatures. The participants of the study were 90 English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) undergraduate students attending three intact classes. The classes were randomly assigned to one control and two experimental (SCMC and ACMC) groups. An open-ended implicature comprehension test was used to assess students’ ILP development in this pretest-posttest comparison-group study. The control group received the traditional teacher-fronted instruction, and the S/ACMC groups received instruction via synchronous and asynchronous modules of SMNs for 4 months, respectively. Students’ attitudes towards the CMC-based courses were also sought. Split-plot ANOVA results indicated that both experimental groups developed significant ILP ability to comprehend and interpret L2 implicatures after the instruction; however, by comparison, the ACMC group improved more considerably. It is concluded that, first, comprehending L2 implicatures is not impervious to computer-mediated instruction and, second, different CMC affordances may result in differential ILP developmental effects in teaching L2 pragmatics. The findings can help L2 teachers decide how to use CMC affordances and SMN modules to raise L2 learners’ pragmatic awareness

This study aimed to investigate the impact of Dialogue Journals (DJs) on EFL learners' paragraph writing skills, focusing on principles of paragraph writing, comparison and contrast, across synchronous and asynchronous online communication. Following the Oxford Placement Test (OPT), 40 homogenized participants were selected and divided into two groups. Participants, aged 13 to 18, attended classes twice a week for 90 minutes each. Pre-test and post-test paragraph writing assessments were administered and scored analytically using a rubric by Soleimani et al. (2008). Both groups followed Peyton's (2000) suggestions for DJ writing, with experimental group one using face-to-face instruction (synchronous online communication) and experimental group two utilizing the WhatsApp application (asynchronous online communication) over a 6-session study period. Results indicated significant improvements in paragraph writing skills for both synchronous and asynchronous groups, with no significant difference between the two modes of communication. This research can provide various advantages for all language teaching and learning participants. In addition, the students can benefit from the results as they face problems in various stages of writing, including preparation, drafting, editing, and final revision.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-Based Couple Therapy (ACT) on communication patterns and marital infidelity among married individuals in Yazd. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental. The population consisted of all married individuals attending psychological counseling and service centers in Meybod. Using questionnaires on communication patterns and marital infidelity, and employing purposive sampling, 20 couples with higher scores were selected from a pool of 50 couples. They were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (10 couples) or the control group (10 couples). The experimental group underwent Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, while the control group received no treatment. Post-tests were administered to both groups. Results, analyzed using covariance analysis. Findings: Findings showed that Acceptance and Commitment-Based Couple Therapy significantly impacts the communication patterns of married individuals. Additionally, it significantly affects marital infidelity among married individuals. Conclusion: Thus, ACT can be used to enhance couple’s relationship and prevent infidelity and divorce.