سید هادی سیدعلی تبار

Purpose: The size of a school is a crucial factor influencing educational outcomes, yet its impact on student participation and the sense of community remains complex and multifaceted. This study aims to explore how different school sizes affect these dimensions, focusing on qualitative aspects of student experiences and institutional dynamics to provide a deeper understanding of the educational landscape. Methodology: A qualitative research design was adopted, utilizing semi-structured interviews to collect data from 29 participants, including students, teachers, and school administrators from various sized schools. Theoretical saturation was reached to ensure a comprehensive exploration of the themes. Data were analyzed using NVivo software to facilitate thematic analysis and ensure systematic handling of the interview transcripts. Findings: Five main themes were identified: Student Engagement, Sense of Community, Learning Environment, Administrative Influence, and Challenges and Barriers. Sub-themes such as Academic Participation, Support Networks, Classroom Dynamics, and Policy Making illustrated the specific ways in which school size impacts educational practices and student perceptions. Smaller schools were generally found to foster a stronger sense of community and engagement, whereas larger schools provided more diverse opportunities but faced challenges in maintaining a personalized learning environment. Conclusion: The study concludes that school size significantly influences the educational environment, affecting everything from student engagement to administrative strategies. While smaller schools excel in creating a cohesive community, they often struggle with resource limitations and opportunity diversity. Larger schools, on the other hand, offer extensive resources and opportunities but may lack the close-knit community feel that enhances student engagement and sense of belonging.

Background and Aim: It is natural for differences and conflicts to arise between husband and wife. Due to the nature of spouses' activities, it sometimes happens that differences of opinion occur or needs are not met; As a result, spouses feel angry, disappointed and unhappy towards each other. The current research aimed to determine the effectiveness of strength-based counseling on the tendency toward marital infidelity and self-compassion of conflicted couples. Methods: In terms of purpose, the current research was of the applied type and the method of conducting it was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with an experimental group and a control group and a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the research included all couples referring to a private counseling center in District 10 of Tehran. For sampling, 30 couples were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 couples) and a control group (15 couples) using the available sampling method. In this research, the strength-based counseling package compiled by Parsakia & Darbani (2022) was used. Also, in order to collect data, Neff's self-compassion questionnaire (2003) and Bashirpour et al.'s marital infidelity questionnaire (2018) were used. Results: The results of data analysis showed that strength-based counseling significantly increased self-compassion scores (F = 13.08) and decreased the scores of the tendency toward marital infidelity of the experimental group (F = 9.52). Also, Bonferroni's post hoc test results indicated good stability of these effects. Conclusion: Therefore, the strength-based approach can increase the self-compassion of conflicted couples and decrease their tendency toward commit marital infidelity.