سعیده آهنگری

سعیده آهنگری

مطالب
ترتیب بر اساس: جدیدترینپربازدیدترین

فیلترهای جستجو: فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۲۱ تا ۴۰ مورد از کل ۴۵ مورد.
۲۱.

The Comparative Effect of Collaborative Strategic Reading and Metacognitive Reading Strategies on Extrovert and Introvert EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: The Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, Vol.۱۳, No.۲۷, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۰ 129 - 149

کلیدواژه‌ها: Reading Comprehension collaborative strategic reading Extroverts Introverts Metacognitive Reading Strategy

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۵۷ تعداد دانلود : ۳۹۱
This study investigated the comparative effect of collaborative strategic reading (CSR) and metacognitive reading strategy (MRS) on the reading comprehension of Iranian extrovert and introvert EFL learners. To achieve the purpose of this study, a sample IELTS was administered to 325 students studying at Marefat Language Academy in Tehran from whom 225 were selected based on their performance on that test. Next, the above students sat for Eysenck Personality Inventory questionnaire to determine their level of extroversion and introversion. As a result, a total of 150 learners (75 extroverts and 75 introverts) were selected as four experimental groups and two control groups. The four experimental groups, comprised of 1) 25 extroverts undergoing CSR, 2) 25 extroverts receiving MRS, 3) 25 introverts undergoing CSR, 4) 25 introverts undergoing MRS while the two control groups, with 25 extroverts and 25 introverts, the learners experienced the conventional procedure of teaching reading comprehension in the language school. Ancova and two-way Ancova were conducted which revealed introvert learners with MRS outperformed the extrovert with MRS, introvert and extrovert with CSR, and control groups, suggesting a decisive role for personality traits in reading comprehension classes with different reading strategies instruction. 
۲۲.

EFL Teachers’ and Students’ Perceptions about Communication Strategies Teachability(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: The Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, Vol.۱۴, No.۲۸, Spring & Summer ۲۰۲۱ 135 - 156

کلیدواژه‌ها: Communication Strategies Perception teaching CSs Iranian EFL learners’ perceptions teachability

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۴۸ تعداد دانلود : ۲۹۴
The current study examined the Iranian EFL teachers’ and students’ perceptions about Communication Strategies Teachability. The study was conducted with 20 teachers and 110 students from universities and private language Institutes in Tabriz, Iran. The literature regarding the teachability of communication strategies (CSs) has been far from conclusive. Some researchers reject the possibility of CSs instruction while many empirical studies support their teachability. Taking a mixed method design, the present study used a language proficiency test, a questionnaire and an interview for data collection. In the quantitative phase, the participants’ responses to questionnaire before and after a 12-week period of teaching CSs were statistically compared. The analysis of the quantitative data obtained from the questionnaire through Paired-samples t-test indicated that the students’ perceptions towards the usefulness of CSs grew significantly more positive after their instruction. The qualitative analysis of the interview data collected from the teachers indicated that most teachers found CSs useful and possible to teach. It was also found that these strategies improved capability of English language learners to speak and enhaned their conciousness of CSs. This study could offer pedagogical implications for both teachers and students and pave the way for further studies in the field.
۲۳.

Lexical Inferencing Strategy Instruction and the Development of Reading Comprehension: The Case of Iranian EFL Learners(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: The Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, Vol.۱۳, No.۲۷, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۰ 1 - 25

کلیدواژه‌ها: lexical inferencing strategy Reading Comprehension

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۳۷ تعداد دانلود : ۴۷۰
Lexical inferencing has been recognized as an effective learning strategy in SLA. The present study investigated Iranian EFL learners’ development of reading comprehension as a result of exposure to lexical inferencing strategy instruction. To do so, 45 female participants studying in Simin Language Institute in Rasht, Iran were selected from among 60 students based on the results of a sample of Oxford quick Placement (OQP) test, who scored from 40 to 47. They were in two intact classes, assigned to one experimental (n=24) and one control group (n=21). The experimental group underwent the teaching of reading comprehension through lexical inferencing strategy to help learners infer the meaning of unknown words and promote their understanding of the text. However, the control group received the traditional instruction of reading comprehension concentrating on the translation of new words. The results of the pre- and post-tests of reading comprehension revealed the significant outperformance of the treatment group over the control group’s reading comprehension ability. It was concluded that lexical inferencing strategy teaching could develop the learners’ potential to improve their cognitive capacities in inferring the meaning of unknown words, which might be facilitative in their reading comprehension.
۲۴.

The Effect of Computer Assisted Cooperative Language Learning on Iranian High School Students' Language Anxiety and Reading Comprehension

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۱, Issue ۳, Autumn ۲۰۱۳ 45 - 59

کلیدواژه‌ها: Computer-assisted cooperative language learning cooperative learning learning anxiety

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۷۹ تعداد دانلود : ۲۸۲
This study explored the effectiveness of the two computer-assisted modes: cooperative and individual on improving Iranian high school students’ reading comprehension. It was also concerned with investigating the effectiveness of the two computer-assisted modes on the participants’ foreign language learning anxiety (FLLA). The sample of the study consisted of two intact groups, each containing 24 students, which were randomly assigned into a control and an experimental group. The control group completed the study according to the individual computer-assisted learning while the experimental group was taught via computer-assisted cooperative language learning. The participants in the experimental and the control groups, which consisted of 48 female students, took reading comprehension pretest and posttest. They were also given foreign language classroom anxiety scale (FLCAS) questionnaire both at the beginning and at the end of the treatment. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. The results of the independent and paired samples t tests indicated that the experimental group, in which cooperative learning was integrated into computer-assisted language learning, outperformed the control group in terms of reading comprehension. In addition, the level of foreign language anxiety improved after the treatment in the experimental group. The findings of this study provide some insights for teachers to consider the integrating of cooperative learning into computer-assisted language learning setting.
۲۵.

Causes of EFL Learners’ Procrastination: A Classical Grounded Theory(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Issues in Language Teaching (ILT), Vol. ۱۱, No. ۱, June ۲۰۲۲ 35 - 65

کلیدواژه‌ها: procrastination Dilatory Behavior Classical Grounded Theory categories concepts

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۶۲ تعداد دانلود : ۲۶۱
In the long process of learning English as a foreign language, learners may become exhausted and, if not treated properly, decide to give up learning temporarily and even permanently. Therefore, it seems necessary to explore the reasons for their temporal delays and consider them appropriately to avoid permanent give-ups. As an attempt to determine the reasons for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ delays, the researchers in the present study explored their contributing factors through application of a classical grounded theory approach which led to the development of Language Learning Procrastination (LLP) theory. The research data were collected through semi-structured interviews from 43 EFL learners in Tabriz, Iran, and were coded in open, selective, and theoretical coding stages through a Constant Comparative Method. The emerged theory involved a core category (i.e., Dilatory Behavior) indicating that EFL learners mostly procrastinate in five domains of doing exercises, preparation for exam, submitting projects, starting up speaking, and learning spelling. Furthermore, three major categories of Learners’ Characteristics, Environmental Conditions, and Task Features as the causes of Dilatory Behavior emerged during the iterative data collection and analysis procedures. The results of the study indicated that both EFL learners’ own characteristics and external factors related to the learning environment and language tasks are significant in shaping the EFL learners’ procrastination. The theory of LLP can be applied in EFL settings to recognize the learners’ sources of Dilatory Behavior and devise appropriate solutions for them.
۲۶.

An Explicit Communication Strategies Instruction: Iranian EFL Learners’ Self-Reported Use of Communication Strategies(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: جستارهای زبانی دوره چهاردهم فروردین و اردیبهشت ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۱ (پیاپی ۷۳) 250-219
تعداد بازدید : ۳۰۲ تعداد دانلود : ۲۹۱
The present study explored the effect of explicit Communication Strategies (CSs) instruction on Iranian EFL learners’ usage of these strategies in their educational tasks at different proficiency levels. To conduct the study, the researchers chose 20 Iranian EFL teachers and their 150 students at two universities in Tabriz, Iran. Accepting a mixed-methods design, the researchers used a questionnaire, an English language proficiency test, and a semi-structured interview to collect the required data. The findings indicated that after receiving communication strategy instruction, teachers and students had positive attitudes toward the usefulness of CSs in the language learning process. However, learners in different proficiency levels had different preferences toward CSs. While advanced learners showed their inclination to use compensation strategies, intermediate learners preferred to use metacognitive. Elementary learners favoured using cognitive CSs. These differences can be attributed to individual differences and contextual factors that suggest pedagogical implications for both teachers and students and provide tentative subjects for further studies.
۲۷.

Growth Mindset and Cognitive Engagement of Female EFL Learners: Contribution of Risk- aking as a Mediator(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: The Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, Vol.۱۵, No.۳۱, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۲ 71 - 93

کلیدواژه‌ها: Dweck Mindset Theory Mediating Role implicit theories

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۹۳ تعداد دانلود : ۲۵۷
Many difficulties learners experience during language learning interfere with their performance, and those associated with their psychology play an integral role in this process. Underpinned by Bandura’s social cognitive theory and Dweck’s implicit theory of intelligence, this article explored how language mindsets influenced female EFL learners’ cognitive engagement through the mediation of risk-taking. Following a quantitative design and drawing on stratified sampling, the researchers ran the Power Analysis Calculator and selected 384 language learners from six institutes of Tabriz, Iran. The data were collected by three questionnaires, including the Language Mindset Inventory of Lou and Noels (2017), University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI) designed by Maroco et al., (2016), and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) of Patton, Stanford and Barratt (1995). The PLS-SEM analysis showed that learners’ growth mindsets were directly related to cognitive engagement. Furthermore, risk-taking significantly mediated this relationship. This finding provides some implications for school psychology to develop in students self-theories that highlight growth and competence instead of limitation and inactivity.
۲۸.

تحلیل ریزتکوینی در محیط آموزش زبان خارجی: تأثیر روش های تدریس حمایتی استاد و هم کلاسی در آموزش مهارت خواندن و درک مطلب(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های زبانشناختی در زبانهای خارجی دوره ۱۳ بهار ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۱ 59 - 78

کلیدواژه‌ها: روش اجتماعی- فرهنگی یادگیری حمایتی منطقه مجاور رشد تحلیل ریز تکوینی خواندن و درک مطلب

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۷۳ تعداد دانلود : ۲۹۳
پژوهش گران در مقاله حاضر با استفاده از پژوهش ترکیبی، اثرات کاربرد روش تدریس نظریه اجتماعی- فرهنگی را بر نحوه عملکرد زبان آموزان در مهارت خواندن و درک مطلب مورد بررسی قرار دادند. رفتار های یادگیری حمایتی در دو گروه تحقیق (یادگیری حمایتی مدرس و هم کلاسی) و یک گروه کنترل با تکیه بر نظریه یادگیری ویگوتسکی و دیدگاه منطقه مجاور رشد و با استفاده از روش های کیفی وکمی، تحلیل و بررسی شد. زبان آموزان با دانش زبانی سطح متوسط در 15 جلسه برای یادگیری مهارت خواندن و درک مطلب شرکت کردند. در مدل یادگیری حمایتی مدرس، طی هر جلسه کلاس تک نفره، زبان آموز از رفتار های حمایتی مدرس برای انجام دادن تمرین های خواندن و درک مطلب برخوردار شد. در مقابل، در مدل یادگیری حمایتی هم کلاسی، در یک گروه دو نفره، زبان آموز سطح متوسط پایین توسط هم کلاسی سطح متوسط بالای خود حمایت گردید. در بخش کمی پژوهش، داده های به دست آمده از آزمون ابتدایی و انتهایی با استفاده ازتست آنووا مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. در بخش کیفی، داده ها که شامل مکالمات ضبط شده بین مدرس و زبان آموز در گروه یادگیری حمایتی مدرس می باشد با استفاده از مدل تحلیل ریزتکوینی بررسی گردید. هدف مطالعه کیفی این بود که با استفاده از مدل تحلیلی لیدز، میزان حمایت و انواع آن درگروه های متفاوت با توجه به نیاز زبان آموز مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. نتیجه این پژوهش اثر گذاری مثبت کاربرد شیوه های حمایتی تدریس در مهارت خواندن و درک مطلب را تأیید کرد. در بخش کیفی، کاربرد رفتار حمایتی مدرس، واکنش متقابل زبان آموز و نشانه های یادگیری در سطوح مختلف نشان داده شد.
۲۹.

بررسی تأثیر بهزیستی بر خودپنداره و توسعه حرفه ای با میانجیگری جنسیت و تجربه تدریس(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های زبانشناختی در زبانهای خارجی دوره ۱۳ پاییز ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۳ 457 - 476

کلیدواژه‌ها: بهزیستی توسعه حرفه ای خودپنداره جنسیت تجربه تدریس

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۹۲ تعداد دانلود : ۱۹۳
در کنار جنبه های شناختی یادگیری زبان، سایر عوامل می توانند شکست/موفقیت عمومی آموزش زبان را توضیح دهند. بدلیل کم توجهی به عوامل عاطفی در یادگیری زبان، بررسی این عوامل امری دشوار بنظر می رسد. محققان حوزه روانشناسی در مطالعات روانشناختی خود در مقایسه با احساسات مثبت بیشتر احساسات منفی مانند غم و عصبانیت را نظر گرفته اند و این عناصر را در ارتباط با زبان آموزان مورد بررسی قرار داده اند. از این رو، نقش عواطف مثبت به اندازه کافی مورد بررسی قرار نگرفته است، به ویژه در مورد مدرسان زبان انگلیسی. پژوهش حاضر با میانجیگری جنسیت و تجربه تدریس سعی در بررسی تأثیر بهزیستی بر خودپنداره و توسعه حرفه ای دارد. بدین منظور 220 مدرس زبان انگلیسی مرد و زن مقطع مهارتی پیشرفته با حداقل 5 سال سابقه بر اساس نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزارها شامل پرسشنامه بهزیستی PERMA توسعه یافته توسط باتلر و کرن (2016)، توسعه حرفه ای (PD) طراحی شده توسط افشار و قاسمی (2018) و پرسشنامه خودپنداره رابسون (SCQ) تهیه شده توسط رابسون (1989) بود. پایایی (ضریب آلفای کرونباخ) و روایی (روایی محتوایی) پرسشنامه ها تضمین شد. داده های جمع آوری شده بر اساس تحلیل همبستگی و مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری (SEM) با استفاده از SPSS 24.0 و Amos 8 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان دادند که هیچ رابطه ساختاری معناداری بین بهزیستی و توسعه حرفه ای با میانجیگری جنسیت و تجربه تدریس وجود ندارد. یافته های این پژوهش پیامدهای نظری و عملی مهمی برای معلمان، روانشناسان مدارس، مربیان معلمان، طراحان برنامه درسی و پژوهشگران دارد.
۳۰.

The Role of Participatory Structure and Output Modality in Enhancing Iranian EFL Learners’ Speaking and their Perceptions: A Mixed-Method Study(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: The Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, Vol.۱۶, No.۳۳, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۳ 247 - 268

کلیدواژه‌ها: participatory structure output modality speaking perceptions

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۶۳ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۱
The current study was an effort to investigate the role of participatory structure and output modality in enhancing Iranian EFL learners’ speaking, and examine their perceptions toward participating in speaking activities. The population of this study included all female EFL learners (90 language learners of English) at intermediate level studying at Avayeh Daneshvaran Language Institute in Tabriz and the sampling procedure was convenience sampling. From among these language learners, 63 learners, in four intact classes, were selected as the sample group after conducting a sample of the PET. The instruments that were used in this study included two samples of the English language proficiency test of PET, the speaking section of which was conducted as the pre-test and posttest of the study, and an open-ended questionnaire. The data which were collected were analyzed through one-way ANOVA and two-way ANCOVA. The researchers analyzed the responses of the intended participants to the open-ended questionnaire qualitatively. The findings revealed that output modality was effective in improving speaking skill and that participatory structure and the interaction of these two had no significant effect on this skill. Regarding the qualitative section, the findings presented that the participants had optimistic attitude toward the use of podcasts and summary telling and writing in improving their speaking. The findings of the present study are valuable for teachers, English language learners, teacher educators, curriculum designers and researchers.
۳۱.

Impact of Iranian EFL Teachers’ Achievement Value Orientation on Reflective Teaching: The Mediating Role of Job Performance(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۱۲, Issue ۵۰, Autumn ۲۰۲۴ 11 - 22

کلیدواژه‌ها: achievement value EFL Teachers Job Performance Reflective teaching value orientation

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۶۱
Teachers who possess an achievement value orientation may concentrate on establishing ambitious objectives for themselves, as well as creating opportunities for pupils to showcase their abilities and attain success. This can increase student motivation and ultimately improving job performance. While previous teachers' reflective studies in the field of English as a foreign language (EFL) have examined a wide range of variables, certain variables such as EFL teachers' achievement value orientation and job performance related to reflective teaching have remained under-researched. To this end, this study examined the EFL teachers' achievement value orientation factor identified as having a contributive role in EFL teachers' reflective teaching regarding the mediating role of job performance. The study sample consisted of 237 Iranian EFL teachers aged between 25 and 60. Based on the results of structural equation modeling (SEM), EFL teachers' achievement value orientation directly and significantly influences counterproductive work behavior (CWB) dimension of their job performance as well as metacognitive and affective dimensions of their reflective teaching. It was also shown that task performance (TP) has a direct effect on cognitive, contextual performance (CP) on cognitive and critical, and CWB on the metacognitive dimension of reflective teaching. The results also indicated that the CWB dimension of job performance mediates the impact of EFL Teachers’ achievement value orientation on metacognitive dimension of their reflective teaching. Teacher training programs should emphasize the importance of developing an achievement value orientation in teachers and reflective teaching should be promoted as a key component of teachers' professional development.
۳۲.

The Role of Direct Metalinguistic and Indirect Feedback Timing in Enhancing Willingness to Communicate (WTC) of Iranian EFL Learners(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۱۱, Issue ۴۷, ۲۰۲۳ 55 - 70

کلیدواژه‌ها: Feedback timing WTC Meta-linguist feedback Indirect Feedback

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۴۰ تعداد دانلود : ۹۹
This study tried to inspect and compare any possible effects of immediate and delayed metalinguistic and indirect feedback on the level of WTC of Iranian EFL learners in task performance. This research was a quasi-experimental work with 120 Participants (63 males and 57 females) who were divided into four groups: 30 students as the direct-immediate feedback group, 30 students as the direct-delayed feedback, 30 students as the indirect-immediate feedback, and 30 students as the indirect-delayed feedback. Different instruments were utilized to collect the required data, including the Oxford Placement Test (OPT), the WTC scale (McCroskey, 1992), and a set of two-way exchange tasks. After homogenizing the participants, based on the OPT test, the participants took the WTC scale as a pretest. As the treatment, the indirect immediate feedback group participants reformulated the errors into the correct form as soon as they committed errors. In the indirect delayed feedback group, the teacher noted the errors and the student’s name to provide feedback for that specific student. In the direct metalinguistic immediate feedback group, the participants were provided with both explanations and examples of the correct form of errors they committed. In the metalinguistic delayed group, the teacher wrote notes on the error types and the students’ names to provide explanations andcorrect examples for specific students. The WTC scale was readministered in the post-test and the scores were recorded. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the pre-and post-test data. The result of the data analysis showed there was an interaction between the timing and the type of feedback regarding their effect on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ WTC.
۳۳.

بار شناختی فراگیران زبان‌های خارجی در کلاس های برخط: یک مطالعه کیفی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های زبانشناختی در زبانهای خارجی دوره ۱۴ پاییز ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۳ 345 - 358

کلیدواژه‌ها: تئوری بار شناختی بار شناختی درونی بار شناختی بیرونی بار شناختی مطلوب کلاس های آنلاین دانشجویان آموزش عالی

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۱۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۶
بار شناختی مقدار تلاشی است که ذهن برای پردازش اطلاعات انجام می دهد و زمانی که بار شناختی بالا یا اضافی باشد منجر به پیامدهایی همچون عدم تمایل به یادگیری، عدم توانایی در یادآوری اطلاعات از حافظه درازمدت و درک اطلاعات می شود. هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر بررسی بار شناختی کلاس های آنلاین برای فراگیران زبان های خارجی با استفاده از یک مطالعه کیفی است. پژوهش حاضر از رویکرد کیفی با استفاده از تئوری گراندد (1967) تلاش کرده است به اهداف خود برسد. جامعه آماری پژوهش کلیه فراگیران زبان انگلیسی دانشگاه آزاد تبریز هستند که از بین آنها 16 فراگیر با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری غیرتصادفی هدفمند به عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شده و به صورت داوطلبانه در پژوهش شرکت کردند. برای گردآوری داده ها، مؤلفه های بارشناختی فراگیران از مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته استفاده شد. برای ارزیابی روایی و پایایی مصاحبه ها از روش لینکولن و گوبا (1985) و ضریب کاپا (663/0) بهره گرفته شد. یافته های پژوهش نشان داد که در کل 27 کد به عنوان مؤلفه های بار شناختی در کلاس های آنلاین شناسایی شدند که تحت شش مؤلفه اصلی شامل فرایند یادگیری، انجام تکالیف، زمان کلاس، محیط، کیفیت نرم افزار و بار مطلوب دسته بندی شدند. این مؤلفه های اصلی نیز خود تحت سه مؤلفه انتخابی شامل بارشناختی درونی، بار شناختی بیرونی و بارشناختی مطلوب طبقه بندی شدند.
۳۴.

Impacts of Differentiated Instruction and Gamification on Iranian EFL Learners’ Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency of Speaking Skill(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۱۳, Issue ۵۴, Autumn ۲۰۲۵ 155 - 166

کلیدواژه‌ها: Complexity Accuracy fluency Differentiated Instruction Gamification Iranian EFL learners

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۳ تعداد دانلود : ۵۱
Speaking proficiency is a crucial skill for Iranian EFL learners, yet it remains one of the most challenging aspects of language acquisition due to traditional, teacher-centered instruction and a lack of communicative practice. This study examines the effects of Differentiated Instruction (DI) and Gamification (G) on the Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency (CAF) of Iranian EFL learners’ speaking skills. A quasi-experimental design was employed, involving 108 B2-level learners from Safir Language Institute, Iran. Participants were divided into three groups: one receiving DI-based instruction, another engaging in Gamification-based tasks, and a control group following conventional teaching methods. The study utilized pre- and post-tests of speaking performance, evaluated through CAF metrics, alongside qualitative interviews to explore learners’ perceptions. Statistical analyses revealed significant improvements in all three dimensions of speaking in the experimental groups, with DI showing greater gains in accuracy and complexity, while G was more effective in enhancing fluency. Qualitative findings indicated that both approaches increased learner engagement, motivation, and confidence. These results suggest that DI and Gamification are effective pedagogical strategies for improving speaking proficiency and should be integrated into EFL curricula to optimize learning outcomes.
۳۵.

The Relationship between First and Second Language Literacy in Writing(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Applied Linguistics Vol. ۱, No. ۲, Summer ۲۰۰۸ 1 - 17

کلیدواژه‌ها: Content Organization language use first language Second language Vocabulary Literacy skills mechanics

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۸ تعداد دانلود : ۳۶
This paper explores the ways in which the transfer of assumptions from first language (L1) writing can help the process of writing in second language (L2). In learning second language writing skills, learners have two primary sources from which they construct a second language system: knowledge and skills from first language and input from second language. To investigate the relative impact of first language literacy skills on second language writing ability, 60 EFL students from Tabriz Islamic Azad University were chosen as participants of this study, based on their language proficiency scores. The subjects were given two topics to write about: the experimental group subjects were asked to write in Persian and then translate their writing into English. The control group wrote in English. The results obtained in this study indicate that the content and vocabulary components of the compositions were mostly affected by the use of first language.
۳۶.

The Impact of Correction for Guessing Formula on MC and Yes/No Vocabulary Tests' Scores(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Applied Linguistics Vol. ۲, No. ۵, fall ۲۰۰۹ 80 - 98

کلیدواژه‌ها: Multiple-Choice Questions Correction for Guessing (CFG) Yes/No Questions

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۹ تعداد دانلود : ۶۶
A standard correction for random guessing (cfg) formula on multiple-choice and Yes/Noexaminations was examined retrospectively in the scores of the intermediate female EFL learners in an English language school. The correctionwas a weighting formula for points awarded for correct answers,incorrect answers, and unanswered questions so that the expectedvalue of the increase in test score due to guessing was zero. The researcher compared uncorrected and corrected scores on examinationsusing multiple-choice and Yes/No formats. These short-answer formats eliminatedor at least greatly reduced the potential for guessing the correctanswer. The expectation for students to improve their grade by guessingon multiple-choice and Yes/No format examinations is well known. The researcher examined a method for correcting for random guessing (cfg) " no knowledge" on multiple- choice and Yes/No vocabulary examinations by comparing application and non-application of correction for guessing (cfg) formula on scores on these examinations. It was done to determine whether the test takers really knew the correct answer, or they had resorted to a kind of guessing. This study represented a unique opportunity to compare scores from multiple-choice and Yes/No examinations in a settingin which students were given the same number of questions ineach of the two format types testing their knowledge over thesame subject matter. The results of this study indicated that the significant differences were highlighted between the subjects' scores when cfg formula was applied and when it was not.
۳۷.

Thematic Organization in MA TEFL Students' Argumentative, Cause and Effect, and Process Types of Writing(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Applied Linguistics Vol. ۶, No. ۱۲, Spring ۲۰۱۳ 1 - 23

کلیدواژه‌ها: Theme Process Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) Thematic structure rheme Argumentative and cause and effect writing

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۹ تعداد دانلود : ۳۴
It is generally recognized that many second language learners have difficulties with cohesion in academic texts. Writing seems to be the most difficult subject for many students. To produce good writing, it is necessary to know how to organize Theme and Rheme in a text. Thematic structure as an important feature in textual metafunction plays a significant role in promoting the textual coherence. This research is concerned with the insights presenting the relationship between theme and rheme derived from Systemic Functional Linguistics. Halliday (1994) claimed that the structuring of language as a message is realized in the thematic structures of the constituent clauses of a text. To Halliday, the basic unit for thematic analysis is the clause. Thereby, this study was an attempt to compare different thematic types and thematic progression patterns in EFL students' academic writing texts. For this purpose, the researcher selected 30 MA students of English language teaching as the participants of the study after administering a TOEFL test and excluding the outliers. Each participant was required to write three different types of argumentative, process and cause & affect compositions. The collected data were analyzed according to the Thematization process from the textual metafunction aspects. The results showed some differences in the thematic structure of the different types of compositions. The findings of this study have some implications to the EFL students. They can learn to perform the same analysis in their own writings; thus improving cohesion in their own texts. Theme/rheme plays a major role in organizing the message and in enabling it to be communicated and understood clearly.
۳۸.

The Effect of Classroom-Based Assessment on Iranian EFL Learners Writing Self-Reflection Strategies: Scenario-Based Assessment Model vs Dialogue Journal Writing(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: The Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, Vol.۱۷, No.۳۵, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۴ -

کلیدواژه‌ها: classroom-based assessment Scenario-based assessment Dialogue Journal Writing Self-Reflection Essay Writing

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۵ تعداد دانلود : ۳۹
Self-reflection as a crucial human activity involves assessing experiences and developing strategies to tackle challenges in language instruction and acquisition. It can be pursued through several methods. This study seeks to implement scenario-based assessment (SBA) model and dialogue journal writing (DJW) in an entire process to examine their impact on enhancing the writing self-reflection strategies of Iranian EFL learners. To achieve this objective, 60 EFL learners were selected through convenience sampling. These participants were then randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group underwent treatment using a SBA model, while the second experimental group followed the requirements of treatment through a DJW model. The control group, on the other hand, received instruction using a traditional teacher-centered method. Both the experimental groups and the control group underwent pre-test and post-test assessments to evaluate their writing performance. The gathered data were analyzed using MANCOVA and the findings revealed that the SBA group outperformed the DJW and control groups in terms of improving their writing self-reflection strategies.This study's results offer more evidence to show the positive impact of using a SBA design on the writing self-reflection skills of Iranian EFL learners as a whole. The study showed that the SBA approach had a greater impact on improving engagement in self-reflection and insight. The findings of this study suggest that SBA can generate higher levels of assistance and function to create a successful pedagogical tool as well as an assessment device for classroom teachers, experts, and parties involved.
۳۹.

The Impact of Context on the learning and Retention of Idioms(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Applied Linguistics Vol. ۷, No. ۱۵, fall ۲۰۱۴ 130 - 145

کلیدواژه‌ها: LEARNING idioms Retention Extended context Limited context

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تعداد بازدید : ۵۳ تعداد دانلود : ۲۸
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of context on learning idioms among 60 Iranian female advanced English learners. To this end, the researcher assigned the participants to two experimental groups and one control group: Group 1 (first experimental group, the extended-context group), Group 2 (second experimental group, the limited-context group) and Group 3 (control group or the decontextualized group). First a 50-item idiom test was constructed using Vocabulary Knowledge scale (adopted from Wesche and Paribakht, 1993) and answered by the participants. The results of this test revealed that thirty idioms were not at all familiar to the participants. So these 30 idioms were selected as the target idioms. Then, the researchers applied two types of treatment to the participants in groups 1 and 2. Group 1 was taught idioms in extended-context through listening to short stories including the target idioms, Group 2 in the limited-context through listening to single sentences including the target idioms, and Control group (Group 3) was taught idioms through their decontextualized definitions of the target idioms. The analysis of the results of immediate and delayed post-test showed that extended contexts had significant influence on the participants’ idiom learning and retention. Pedagogical implications are provided.
۴۰.

The Effects of Multimedia Annotations on Iranian EFL Learners’ L2 Vocabulary Learning(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Applied Linguistics Vol. ۳, No. ۶, Spring ۲۰۱۰ 1 - 18

کلیدواژه‌ها: MULTIMEDIA Annotation/Gloss Multimedia Annotation Picture Annotation (Still Pictures) Video Annotation (Dynamic Pictures)

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تعداد بازدید : ۵۴
In our modern technological world, Computer-Assisted Language learning (CALL) is a new realm towards learning a language in general, and learning L2 vocabulary in particular. It is assumed that the use of multimedia annotations promotes language learners’ vocabulary acquisition. Therefore, this study set out to investigate the effects of different multimedia annotations (still picture annotations, dynamic picture annotations, and written annotations) on L2 vocabulary learning. To fulfill this objective, the researchers selected sixty four EFL learners as the participants of this study. The participants were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: a control group that received no annotations and three experimental groups that received: still picture annotations, dynamic picture annotations, and written annotations. Each participant was required to take a pre-test. A vocabulary post- test was also designed and administered to the participants in order to assess the efficacy of each annotation. First for each group a paired t-test was conducted between their pre and post test scores in order to observe their improvement; then through an ANCOVA test the performance of four groups was compared. The results showed that using multimedia annotations resulted in a significant difference in the participants’ vocabulary learning. Based on the results of the present study, multimedia annotations are suggested as a vocabulary teaching strategy.

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