سعید ضرغامی همراه

Purpose: The using an interactive approach in sciences education can improve its learning. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the dimensions and components of sciences education based on an interactive approach with an emphasis on the nature of science. Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was qualitative. The current research population was university students and teachers of basic sciences who were familiar with the subject, which number of 15 people of them were selected as a sample according to the principle of theoretical saturation and with the purposive sampling method. The data was collected by the in-depth semi-structured interview method and its validity was confirmed by the triangulation method and its reliability was obtained by the agreement coefficient method between two coders 0.86. The data were analyzed by open, axial and selective coding method in MAXQDA software. Findings: The findings showed that for sciences education based on an interactive approach with an emphasis on the nature of science were identified 48 concepts in 16 categories and 4 themes; So that 4 themes were included quality-orientation in the sciences education system (with 3 categories of quality evaluation in the educational system of formal education, efficiency of the educational system for science education and lack of effectiveness of science education programs in the formal education system), strategic management of the education system of formal education (with 6 categories of trust to abilities and plans of policymakers, institutionalizing the principles of science education, intra-group and institutional collectivism, developing the structure of an educational implementation system for logical thinking, keeping pace with global developments and designing science education programs for students), proposed solutions for designing the science education system based on the interactive approach (with 3 categories of students' participation in education, emphasis on strengthening the spirit of independence of students and logical education and its place in modern education) and challenges of the formal education system in the field of sciences education (with 4 categories of identity and its place of science in the educational system, argument-oriented and having a critical view, macro structure and institutional level of formal education and criticism to the educational system of current education structure in schools. Conclusion: Based on the results of the current research and the identified dimensions and components for sciences education based on an interactive approach with an emphasis on the nature of science, experts and planners of the educational system can take an effective step towards improving the sciences education based on an interactive approach by improving its dimensions and components.

This study aimed to investigate the Embodiment in the virtual technical and vocational education of the SHAD System using the post-phenomenological method. The lived experience of several students of the art schools in Malard County was examined using interviews. The result is that the mediation of the SHAD System has expanded the temporal and spatial possibilities and the degree of freedom of action of the students; moreover, in this system, due to the substantive, implicit, and environmental differences of the practical training of specialized courses, additional challenges have arisen depending on the theoretical courses. Here, due to the change in the type of physical connection and the physical absence of the student, the learning conditions were different and were not as available as in face-to-face education. The set of senses could not be reproduced and simulated to the same extent in the SHAD Space. The quality and speed of coordination of different senses and the connection of the mind, emotions, and hands were different, and learning required more repetition and practice. Considering physical movement, angle of view, and work steps, achieving a new physical balance in the SHAD System was time-consuming and experimental. The degree of freedom of the student's body has led to improved performance in some situations and has disrupted learning in others. In this space, the body in action has created a kind of physical expertise that combines face-to-face learning and virtual. Physical presence and close physical contact between the students and the student, as in workshop training, are not provided and have led to changes. The emotions arising from the students' embodiment have played a role in achieving the goals of the SHAD system. In this system, the pace of education, learning style, student-centeredness, self-regulation, and communication outside of school have been strengthened. Finally, improving and redesigning the SHAD system in this area with a post-phenomenological approach has been proposed to facilitate learning in this system.

این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی نقاط قوت و ضعف پرورش تفکرانتقادی از دیدگاه انیس در سامانه مدیریت یادگیری (ال ام اس) صورت گرفته است. هدف اصلی پژوهش این است که جنبه های وساطت ال ام اس و تغییرات کاهشی و افزایشی که در تجارب یا ادراک یادگیرندگان در حوزه تفکر انتقادی صورت می گیرد شناسایی شود. پساپدیدارشناسی که یک رویکرد فلسفی در مطالعات فناورانه است، این امکان را می دهد تا چگونگی دگرگونی تجربه و ادراک فراگیران را هنگام استفاده از این فناوری ها مورد بررسی قراردهیم، لذا در پژوهش حاضر از این روش بهره گرفته شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش دانشجویان شرکت کننده در کلاس های مجازی بودندکه به صورت نمونه گیری دسترس و با روش نمونه گیری گلوله برفی و در نظر گرفتن اصل اشباع انتخاب شده اند و تجارب آن ها با انجام مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته درمورد اس تفاده از سامانه مدیریت یادگیری مورد بررسی قرارگرفته است. یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهدکه به واسطه آموزش مجازی از طریق ال ام اس، دسترسی آسان به منابع آموزشی متنوع، ایجاد فرصت های بحث وگفتگو به شیوه های گوناگون، امکان یادگیری در گروه های کوچک، درک دیدگاه های متنوع، محیط آموزش سازنده و امکان شخصی سازی آموزش، زمان و مکان انعطاف پذیر و امکان تقویت مهارت های حل مسئله و توسعه خودکارآمدی از جمله جنبه های تقویت شده دانشجویان در بهره گیری از ال ام اس است که به آن ها توانایی بیشتری در تفکر انتقادی می دهد. درمقابل کاهش تعاملات چهره به چهره میان فراگیران و اساتید، فقدان امکان پرسش و پاسخ مستقیم و چهره به چهره، نقص ادراکی در تفهیم و تفسیر مطالب، عدم امکان نظارت مستقیم بر فراگیران و عدم امکان ایجاد حس مشارکت و تعلق خاطر میان فراگیران و محیط آموزشی، موانعی برای اندیشیدن انتقادی دانشجویان است.