مطالب مرتبط با کلیدواژه

Cosmology


۱.

Isma’ili Thesis on the Ecclesiastical Hierarchy

نویسنده:

کلیدواژه‌ها: Ismailis Cosmology medieval Ismailism Imam shi’ism 'ecclesiastical' hierarchy

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۸۸۵ تعداد دانلود : ۶۲۲
Though it is widely assumed that Sunni Islam does not have an equivalent to the Christian ecclesiastical hierarchy, Shii groups such as the Medieval Ismailis did have an organised teaching, spiritual, and temporal hierarchy. Evidence gathered from primary sources shows that this Ismaili 'ecclesiastical' hierarchy is strictly intertwined with the Ismaili interpretation of Neoplatonic cosmology as well as with the political authority of prominent medieval Ismaili dynasties. It is widely accepted by scholars in Islamic studies that there is no ecclesiastical hierarchy in Islam or, in other words, that there is not one hierarchical body which can legislate in matters of religion and the authority of which is undisputed among Muslims. There are experts in religious matters, the 'ulama`, with their theological and legal specializations. However, these are only individuals, and no matter how highly esteemed they are, they do not represent a full body. Even when Muslim scholars have presented elaborations of Islamic creeds, it is understood that they are no more than individual formulations of belief, not official ones. This assumption perpetuates a myth: the myth of one, static, uniform and united Islam. This is the Islam that many Sunnis would like to believe exists, and the Islam that several Western scholars find more convenient to study. Recent introductory books on Islam have just started to include chapters which reflect a more accurate story: there is not one Islam, there are several Islams, or to put it more moderately, there are several interpretations of Islam. There is the mystical way, with its hierarchy of spiritual masters and angels, there is popular Islam with its hierarchy of saints, and there is Shii Islam. Even though Shiism represents only 10% of the total Muslim population, it is nevertheless very active, articulated and in itself composite. This paper examines the authority of the ""ecclesiastical"" hierarchy, that is the teaching, spiritual and temporal hierarchy, in Medieval Ismailism. My aim is to establish a relationship between this hierarchy and the cosmological doctrines of Medieval Ismailism. Even though Ismailism is not the only Shi'i group in Islam to exibit both an ecclesiastical hierarchy and a related cosmological structure (medieval Druze and Nusayri groups are two further examples), it has been chosen here because of the high degree of sophistication and the clarity in which these doctrines have been expressed.
۲.

Suhrawardi: Avicennian Sciartist(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:

کلیدواژه‌ها: Suhrawardi SciArtist emanation Cosmology sense perception

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۶۷ تعداد دانلود : ۳۳۳
شیخ شهاب الدین سهروردی موسس حکمت اشراق، در رساله های متعدد داستانی، دیدگاه های خویش را به زبان هنر، رمز و نماد بیان کرده است. لذا او را هنر-دانشمند می نامیم. بررسی این نمادسازی ها نشان می دهد که سهروردی در زبان سمبلیک، روی آوردی سینوی دارد. این روی آورد در سه مساله اساسی فلسفی قابل بررسی است: حواس ادراکی، مساله صدور، و کیهان شناسی. در مساله ادراکات، ده حس ظاهری و باطنی توسط ده برج، ده بند، ده گور، ده پرنده، ده موکل، پنج حجره و پنج دروازه تمثیل شده اند. در مساله صدور، عقول عشره با ده پیر خوب سیما، و عقل دهم با نماد پدر، استاد و عقل سرخ تجسم شده اند. در مساله کیهان شناسی، افلاک توسط نه طبقه و رکوه یازده لایه، یازده کوه، پسران و آسیاها تصویر شده اند. حواس ادراکی دهگانه، عقول عشره و افلاک نهگانه و یازده گانه، متفاوت با آرای سهروردی در حکمت اشراق و منطبق بر آرای شیخ الرییس بوعلی سینا است.
۳.

The way of interaction of science and religion in criticizing the view of Hebatuddin Shahrastani about the multiple earth in the Quran

نویسنده:

کلیدواژه‌ها: Hebat al-Din Shahrashtani multiple earth astronomy Cosmology science and religion

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۱ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰
Seyyed Mohammad Ali Hebatuddin Shahristani is one of the scholars of Samarra, born in 1301 AH in Samarra. The book "Astronomy and Islam" is one of his many books in which he examines the Quranic verses related to the science of new astronomy. In 1327 A.H., by writing the book "Astronomy and Islam", he tried to align the appearances of the verses of the Qur'an with the new astronomy to remove any conflict between science and religion. In fact, his thought comes from the motive of defending religion and proving its non-conflict with science to prove that science does not have a newer word than the Quran. Due to the fact that today the discussion of the conflict between science and religion has made theism face wide challenges, we have evaluated the view of Hebat al-Din regarding the multiplicity of earths in the text of the Quran and its comparison with science in order to express the scope of the interaction between science and religion and how they interact. Finally, what can be said for sure is that it is not permissible to combine the revelations with human sciences in order to keep the text of the Quran safe from instability and damage.