شهرام امیرانتخابی

Purpose - The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the second homes on the physical and economic development of rural settlements in Hendeh Khaleh Rural District of Someh Sara County. Design/methodology/approach- The research method was descriptive-analytical. The main part of the data was obtained by a survey and interviews. The statistical population of this study is the villages of Hendeh Khaleh Rural District. Based on the estimation of the sample size using Cochran's formula, the sample size was detemined to be 385 of the heads of households. The independent variable (second home tourism) and the dependent variables (physical and economic development of rural settlements) for Hendeh Khaleh Rural District were analyzed in SPSS software. Findings - The findings of statistical tests show that second homes have caused physical and economic changes in Hendeh Khaleh Rural District. Second home tourism had influenced physical components, especially the indicators of “improvement of facilities and amenities”, and “increasing the construction”. The villages of Sofiandeh, Hendeh Khaleh, Now Khaleh Jafari and Akbari, Siah Darvishan, Lakesar had the highest number of built villas. The villages of Sheykhmahale, Kishestan, Lakesar, and Nargestan had the highest ranks in earning income from having houses to rent. The highest distance from the optimal limit regarding the physical components is for “increasing the construction” (1.89) and regarding the economic components is for “earning income from having the house to rent” (1.83). Practical implications - Providing a comprehensive review of all related literature, this study may help the researchers in choosing the appropriate method for planning the development of second home tourism as a strategy of development policies. Originality/value- This resaerch is the first study conducted about the impact of the second homes on the physical expansion in Hendeh Khaleh Rural District, which examined the relationship between the creation of the second homes and physical and economic development together.

The present study seeks to answer the question that to what extent have worn-out textures created obstacles for the flow of tourism? The present research is applied-developmental in terms of descriptive-descriptive-analytical (survey) method. The sampling method used in this study is simple random sampling. Including the number of employees and city managers, staff and employees of hotels and taxi companies and residents of the dilapidated area of ​​Kermanshah, the sample size is 384 people. Gathering information of the area (physical, social, economic, historical), through survey operations and then this information from They have been turned into maps through Arc GIS and Auto Cad software.  The results show that due to the effect of beautifying the city landscape on the mental image of tourists of the city, the decision to visit tourist places, walking and wandering in the city, the experience of tourists and the connection of tourists with the place are connected to each other like a chain and the urban landscape connects the components of this chain. In fact, the urban landscape, which is desirable for tourists, can lead to the flourishing and development of urban tourism in all the mentioned dimensions.