حیدر مسجدی

One of the observable phenomena in jurisprudential Ḥadīth texts is their contradiction ( Taʻāruḍ ), which makes it difficult to understand their true intent. There are several methods for dealing with this category of narrations. Shaykh Ṭūsī , in his book Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām , utilized multiple approaches to resolve conflicting narrations. One of these is attributing the narration to Taqīyya (dissimulation). Based on the narrative texts of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) regarding the discrepancy in ḥadīths , it becomes clear that various factors contributed to these differences, one of which is Taqīyya . The present study aims to answer the following questions: ‘What are Shaykh Ṭūsī' s criteria for attributing narrations to Taqīyya ?’ ‘To what extent does the attribution to Taqīyya align with the Fatwas (religious decrees) and narrative sources of the Ahl al-Sunna (Sunnis)?’ ‘Are the reconciliatory interpretations presented in this case considered arbitrary reconciliations or are they based on valid evidences and signs?’ Using a descriptive-analytical method and examining the book Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām , the researchers concluded that Shaykh Ṭūsī 's criteria for attributing a narration to Taqīyya are not solely limited to conformity with the views of the ʻĀmma (Sunnis); other standards also exist. With respect to the latter two questions, a specific case study was rigorously validated, and it was observed that in that instance, the attribution to Taqīyya based on conformity with the views of the ʻĀmma , and its reconciliatory interpretations, lack strong argumentative support. It appears that this method was predominantly adopted with the aim of reducing narrative conflicts. The authors' objective in presenting this case is to create a reasonable doubt regarding the Taqīyya -based attributions and reconciliatory interpretations proposed by Shaykh Ṭūsī , so that researchers avoid uninvestigated acceptance and analyze the narrations and viewpoints with greater scrutiny. This study demonstrates that Shaykh Ṭūsī utilized arbitrary reconciliation in presenting some of the reconciliatory interpretations.

In the Imamiyyah and Sunni narrative collections, there are hadiths regarding the themes of "Memorization" and "Forgetting" of the Quran. The former is encouraged while the latter is discouraged. The contemporary understanding of these two terms and their application in understanding these hadiths has led to the prevalence of a specific and recognized meaning for them. The problem with this meaning is the disregard for the intended and commonly understood meanings of them at the time of their issuance, as the meaning transformation is an occurrence that may be imposed on any word over time. The main objective of this research is to find the meaning of these two terms, especially in their application with the Holy Quran, in their original context. The present study, in a library-based manner, explores the lexical sources and uses of these two terms in the earliest religious texts, namely the Holy Quran and primary narrative collections. It also analyzes contextual indicators to ascertain the intended meaning of memorization and forgetting of the Holy Quran in the relevant narrations. The result indicated that "Memorization" means to keep and maintain, while "Forgetting" means to abandon and leave behind. These two terms have been used in narrative texts with more specific, mental and practical meanings, and sometimes more general meanings. Regarding their application to the Quran, contextual indicators reinforce the practical meaning for these terms.