حامد فلاح تفتی

The tourism industry is vulnerable to crises due to its direct interaction with people. Iran's tourism industry is always exposed to crises due to its political geography in the Middle East. In order to find an effective solution in accepting the crisis and providing practical measures, the theory of socio-cultural exchange in crisis management of Iran's tourism industry was investigated. The current study is an applied research that was conducted using content analysis approach. Data collection was done from research literature and in-depth interviews with experts. Sampling was done in a targeted way. Value creation indicators and a positive image demonstrate the effectiveness of these factors. The indicators related to the theory of socio-cultural exchange were examined as solutions suggested by experts. Society exchange theory, with value creation as the main indicator propos the sub-index of sharing of ideas, synergy, respect for the environment, adaptation to society and flexibility. Ssociety exchange theory, with positive image as the main indicator; It suggests the sub-index of commitment, the promotion of professional ethics, the development of long-term relationships, and good relations between businesses.

This study investigates the mediating role of mobile application satisfaction in the relationship between positive intercultural encounters, cultural intelligence, and tourist experience. It addresses a critical gap in understanding how digital tools facilitate meaningful cross-cultural engagement within tourism contexts. This applied, descriptive-analytical research was conducted among 371 tourists visiting Yazd Province, selected through simple random sampling. Validity was confirmed through convergent and discriminant validity assessments, and reliability was established via Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Multivariate normality was confirmed. Subsequently, the hypothesized relationships were examined using SEM in Amos24, employing the robust Maximum Likelihood (MLR) estimation method to ensure robust parameter estimates. Results indicate that while the direct effects between intercultural encounters and cultural intelligence and tourist experience were nonsignificant, significant indirect effects emerged through mobile app satisfaction. Intercultural encounters positively predicted app satisfaction, which in turn enhanced cultural intelligence and tourist experience.  Bootstrapping confirmed significant mediation for cultural intelligence and tourist experience.  Mobile applications serve as pivotal conduits for transforming intercultural interactions into enhanced cultural competence and enriched travel experiences. These findings underscore the importance of digital infrastructure in modern tourism management and offer practical implications for experience design.