Compassion

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of compassion-focused intervention and rational-emotional behavior therapy among women on weight self-efficacy and self-criticism on an Overweight Diet. This study was a quasi-experimental design using a pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all women on an overweight diet that was referred to therapy clinics in Tehran from December 2019 to April 2020. Through a convenience sampling method, 45 overweight females were selected based on inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to a control and two experimental groups. Both experimental groups1(n=15), and 2 (n=15) were treated with compassion-focused therapy and rational-emotional behavior therapy for ten and eight weekly 90-minute sessions, but the control group (n=15) did not receive any treatment. At the start of the study, all participants completed using the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire (WEL) and the Levels of Self-criticism (LOSC) Scale. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and One-Way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) were applied by the SPSS-25 program (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant difference between post-test scores of compassion-focused intervention (CFT) and rational-emotional behavioral therapy (REBT) groups in terms of self-efficacy and self-criticism. The people in the REBT intervention group had better self-efficacy and self-criticism scores (p = 0.001). The findings showed that compassion-focused intervention (CFT) and rational-emotional behavioral therapy interventions could help with overweightness. Therefore, both intervention programs are recommended for improving weight self-efficacy and decreasing self-criticism among women on an overweight diet.

Objective: Divorce is one of the social and family problems that all sections of society are affected in some way. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of self-compassion, patience and Islamic optimism on the tendency to divorce couples in Rasht. Methods: The method of this research was correlational and the method of data analysis was practical in terms of purpose. This study was performed on 200 married men and women in Rasht in 2020. The respondents were selected by available random sampling. For data collection, Roosevelt, Johnson & Moro Divorce Tendency Scale, Nef Self-Compassion Questionnaire, Date Patience Scale and Nouri Islamic Optimism Questionnaire were used and then the data were analyzed by SPSS26 software. Results: Findings showed a significant and negative correlation between self-compassion (r = -0.43), patience (r = -0.17) and Islamic optimism (r = -0.32) with a tendency to divorce. Also, there was a significant negative relationship with confidence (P <0.05). The results of regression analysis showed that these three variables predict 23% of the variance of the tendency to divorce (P <0.05). Conclusion: According the results of this study, the couples experience less tendency to divorce with more compassion, patience and Islamic optimism. The study of the degree of self-compassion in couples and also the study of patience and optimism in them, provides a more complete understanding of the factors involved in the phenomenon of the tendency to divorce in couples. It can be concluded that self-compassion and religiosity have an effect on improving the strategies for maintaining the couple's relationship.

Objective: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) enriched with compassion in altering dysfunctional communication beliefs among women seeking divorce. Methods: Statistical population of this study consisted of all women seeking divorce in District 4 of Tehran city in the year 2021, who were selected from counseling centers supervised by the Organization of Psychology and Welfare through convenience sampling. Next, Eidelson and Epstein’s (1982) Communication Beliefs Questionnaires were distributed for completion, and 45 individuals who scored high on these scales were selected as the sample and randomly placed into two experimental groups and one control group (each group consisting of 15 individuals). For data analysis, descriptive statistical methods (frequency indices, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multivariate repeated measures analysis of variance) using SPSS-24 were employed. Findings: Results indicated no significant difference between the ISTDP and ACT enriched with compassion in altering dysfunctional communication beliefs. Both groups showed improvement compared to the control group, but no significant difference was noted between the two in terms of effectiveness. Conclusion: Both ISTDP and ACT enriched with compassion are effective in reducing dysfunctional communication beliefs among women seeking divorce, with no significant difference in effectiveness between the two. This suggests that both therapeutic approaches can be beneficial in this context. Future research should consider broader and more diverse samples, longer follow-up periods, and comparisons to active control groups to further understand the sustained impact and efficacy of these therapies.

As I delve into Imām Riḍā’s civilizational thought, exploring the concept of justice and its implications, I find myself drawn to the parallels between his teachings and those of Jesus Christ. Imām Riḍā’s legacy of justice for everyone and injustice for no one resonates deeply with the core teachings of Christianity, particularly as embodied in the life and ministry of Jesus Christ. Both figures exemplify a profound commitment to mercy, compassion, and the pursuit of righteousness. One striking aspect of Imām Riḍā’s teachings is his emphasis on mercy for all believers, a principle that finds resonance in Jesus’ teachings on love and forgiveness. The example set by Imām Riḍā in praying for the prosperity of all believers reflects Jesus’ call to love one another and to pray even for our enemies. Moreover, Imām Riḍā’s respect for all individuals, regardless of their social status or background, mirrors Jesus’ interactions with people from all walks of life. Both figures demonstrate a deep reverence for the inherent dignity of every human being, challenging us to overcome prejudice and embrace the inherent worth of all individuals. The theme of caring for the needy is another point of convergence between Imām Riḍā and Jesus. Imām Riḍā’s choice to stay with the destitute during his travels and Jesus’ teachings on caring for the poor highlight the shared imperative to uplift the marginalized and alleviate suffering in our communities. Furthermore, both Imām Riḍā and Jesus exemplify affability toward others, emphasizing the importance of kindness, humility, and compassion in our interactions with one another. Their teachings remind us of the transformative power of love and the profound impact of acts of kindness on individuals and communities. Imām Riḍā’s emphasis on forgiving the faults of others echoes Jesus’ teachings on forgiveness and reconciliation. Both figures challenge us to overcome resentment and bitterness, extending grace and mercy to those who have wronged us. Additionally, Imām Riḍā and Jesus share a commitment to humane treatment of all people, regardless of their faith or ethnicity. Their teachings emphasize the importance of respecting human rights and promoting justice and equality for all members of society. Imām Riḍā’s civilizational thought offers valuable insights into the shared values that unite humanity across religious divides. As Christians and Muslims, we have much to learn from one another’s traditions, and through dialogue and cooperation, we can work together to build a more just, compassionate, and inclusive world.