۱.
The Qur’an, as a divine scripture, transcends a merely religious and spiritual text; it constitutes a unique compendium of knowledge and guidance for understanding and addressing diverse individual and social issues. With its comprehensive and boundless depth, this sacred text engages with all aspects of human life and elucidates the causes and conditions of various challenges. One of the significant issues discussed within this framework is the conflict of interest. The main question of this study is: What are the instances of conflict of interest from the Qur’anic perspective, and what solutions does the Qur’an propose for managing them? This paper aims to identify and explain the manifestations of conflict of interest based on Qur’anic teachings and to explore the corresponding management strategies. To achieve this goal, a descriptive-analytical method was employed, drawing upon four Qur’anic narratives: the Battle of Uḥud, the behavior of the Companions during the Prophet’s time, the story of Prophet Shuʿayb, and the account of Hābīl and Qābīl (Abel and Cain). The findings indicate that the Qur’an extensively addresses this issue and provides multiple approaches for confronting, managing, and avoiding conflicts of interest. The key managerial components include identifying the roots of conflict, preventing and controlling it through transparency, emphasizing ethical leadership, and managing group relations. Qur’anic strategies are based on such concepts as al-taqwā (self-restraint), al-īmān (reinforced responsibility), al-infāq (almsgiving or reduction of inequality), and al-ṣabr (rational forbearance). Operationalizing these strategies through a three-level framework (individual, organizational, and social) can foster communities resilient against corruption. The results demonstrate that the Qur’an not only contributes to preventing conflicts of interest but also assists in cultivating a balanced and morally grounded society.
۲.
The aim of this study is to develop a comprehensive dataset for interdisciplinary research on the Qur’an and the environment. Conducted with a descriptive–analytical approach, the study examined all verses of the Qur’an based on authoritative translations and commentaries. In this process, 766 verses on human–environment relations were identified and classified into 15 categories, such as humans as part of nature, human vicegerency on earth, the subjugation of nature, legitimate use of natural blessings in this world and the hereafter, and the prohibition of corruption and destruction of the environment. In addition, 833 environmental instances were extracted and grouped into eight main categories: climate and atmosphere (27%), marine environment (1%), animal environment (10%), animal products (6%), plant environment (19%), plant products (8%), the solar system (22%), and human industries derived from nature (7%). Conceptual analysis indicated that these relations can be interpreted at three key levels, ethical, jurisprudential, and eschatological, showing that the Qur’an presents nature as a divine blessing and a trust given to humankind, emphasizing both proper utilization and the moral and eschatological consequences of environmental corruption. This dataset provides a novel foundation for future research in environmental ethics and Islamic jurisprudence, as well as for rethinking responses to contemporary environmental crises.
۳.
This article aims to identify the most spiritually favorable nights of the year for believers and the optimal timing for nightly devotion to God by employing the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique. Given the emphasis on nocturnal worship in Surah al-Muzzammil , this study explores the relationship between the length of night and the opportunities it provides for worship. Using DEA, the nights of the year are evaluated based on the duration of night and environmental conditions in order to determine those nights that offer the greatest potential for devotion and supplication. In addition to temporal variables, nocturnal temperature is also considered as an influential factor in this evaluation. DEA serves here as an analytical tool for comparative performance assessment, facilitating the identification of nights with the most favorable conditions for nighttime worship. In the methodological section, two scenarios are implemented. The first scenario constructs a composite index based on the interval between the religious midnight (half of the canonical night) and fajr (dawn), as well as between fajr and sunrise. The second scenario applies the Fair Model (KA) and the AP Model with three indices: the interval from the religious midnight to fajr , from fajr to sunrise, and the temperature index. For more precise evaluation, the AP and KA models are also executed for the first scenario. The findings of this research can assist believers in planning their nocturnal worship during the most spiritually advantageous periods of the night.
۴.
Olive oil is one of the most widely consumed and popular vegetable oils, with numerous applications including in the food industry. Among the factors influencing its quality, environmental conditions, particularly light exposure, play a significant role. Light radiation can trigger specific processes within olive oil that lead to chemical changes and a decline in quality. In religious literature, especially within the Qur’an, olive oil holds a prominent status; notably, it is the only edible oil explicitly mentioned in the Qur’an. In verse 35 of Surah Al-Nūr, God draws a metaphor between His divine essence and light, establishing a symbolic connection between olive oil and illumination. The verse describes a light whose source is a blessed olive tree and further states that its oil is so luminous that it nearly gives light even without being touched by fire. The scientific investigation of this phenomenon forms the core objective of this study.
This research presents a Qur’anic interpretation informed by key lexical analysis, exegetical perspectives and recent scientific findings, focusing on a unique property of olive oil. Studies indicate that extra virgin olive oil is among the rare types of oils extracted not from seeds but directly from the olive fruit, resulting in a high concentration of chlorophyll. The chlorophyll content enables the oil to emit light under ambient illumination, particularly in the infrared and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum (with chlorophyll fluorescence occurring in the red region). Since the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum spans wavelengths from red to violet (low to high energy), the light emitted by olive oil, depending on the intensity of surrounding light, approaches the threshold of human visual perception. In essence, olive oil can nearly emit light without contact with fire, a phenomenon remarkably echoed in verse 35 of Surah Al-Nūr.
۵.
This research explores the arguments for and against the realization of strong artificial intelligence from the perspective of Qur’anic teachings. Opponents, citing verses from the Holy Qur’an, consider strong AI an instance of polytheism in creatorship, a tool for misguidance, human deification, alteration of divine creation, transgression into the divine domain, and a violation of human dignity and divine vicegerency. In contrast, proponents, by offering more precise interpretations of the same verses and applying principles of Islamic philosophy, demonstrate that strong AI is compatible with the teachings of the Qur’an. They argue that creation in the sense of innovation ex nihilo is exclusive to God, and what humans do is the manipulation of God’s creations, which is not forbidden according to Qur’anic verses. In other cases, most of the opponents’ arguments are based on limited interpretations or specific readings of Qur’anic verses. The research results indicate that there is no inherent conflict between strong AI and Qur’anic teachings; rather, this technology can be placed in the service of humanity within the framework of Islamic values.
۶.
This article conceptualizes the relationship between the components of modern Islamic civilization and the indicators of Islamic lifestyle on the basis of a structural analysis of the geometric organization of Surah al-Ḥadīd. It addresses the main question of how the Islamic lifestyle in the modern age can be modeled in light of civilizational components such as faith and a monotheistic worldview, rationality, spirituality, economic justice, Islamic governance, and faith-based, mission-driven management. The methodological approach relies on analyzing the four thematic segments of the surah, identifying the relevant components, and assessing their connections with both theoretical and practical lifestyle indicators, while quantifying verse–indicator relations and employing measures such as the number of possible links, a “decision number,” and TF–IDF weighting. The findings indicate that, at the civilizational level, faith and a monotheistic worldview occupy the central position of the model, with rationality, spirituality, and Islamic governance forming the main pillars of Islamic civilization, and economic justice and faith-based, mission-driven management also playing indispensable roles. At the lifestyle level, emulation of the Prophet and the infallibles in the theoretical domain, and divine servitude in the practical domain, emerge as the key axes that orient other indicators and function as the connective link between the monotheistic worldview and the regulation of economic, social, and moral relations within the framework of Islamic governance.
۷.
The Engineering and constructing semantic networks constitute one of the foundational technologies in the fields of cognitive processing, natural language processing, the semantic web, and the development of artificial intelligence-based systems. Consequently, expertise in the design, construction, engineering, maintenance, evolution, and optimization of ontologies has played a crucial role in advancing intelligent technologies in recent years, and this trend, particularly in the context of dependable and responsible artificial intelligence, is expected to continue in the coming years. The Holy Qur’an, as the sacred book of Muslims worldwide and the primary source of Islamic religion, civilization, and culture, has consistently served as a principal resource in the humanities and Islamic studies, as well as in socio-religious service applications, within Muslim communities. In this paper, a semantic network is automatically constructed using a hybrid approach that integrates multiple technological solutions, including ontologies, word embeddings, co-occurrence analysis, and Arabic root extraction. After the construction of the semantic network and through the application of clustering techniques, several semantic frames were automatically extracted and designated as “abduction frames.” To evaluate the proposed approach, a questionnaire-based assessment was conducted, in which 1,295 individuals participated voluntarily. The results yielded a precision of 69.47% and a recall of 85.35%. Additionally, a mixed quantitative–qualitative evaluation conducted by a panel of experts rated the validity and innovation of the proposed method’s outputs as “good.”
۸.
This study quantitatively examines the textual efficiency and richness of the Qur’an by analyzing fifteen short surahs (al-Fātiḥah and the last fourteen chapters) and comparing them with their translations into English and Bangla languages. Using three measurable parameters—word count, letter count, and unique-letter usage per āyah —the research evaluates structural density across languages. The Arabic text of the Qur’an consistently demonstrates remarkable semantic compactness, requiring fewer words and letters that demand expansions in the two translations. The English translation shows an average increase of nearly double in word and letter counts, while Bangla translation expands more moderately but, still exceeds the Arabic Original. These findings highlight the Qur’an’s competence to achieve maximum expressive powers with minimal linguistic inputs, underscoring the divine wisdom behind the choice of Arabic as the language of revelation.
۹.
The comprehension of Qur’anic legal texts ( āyāt al-aḥkām ) is a complex process central to Islamic jurisprudence. While traditional hermeneutics ( Uṣūl al-Fiqh ) provides interpretive principles, the specific cognitive-linguistic inference types mobilized by jurists and their teachability remain underexplored in empirical research. Therefore, the current research aimed to explore the inference types mobilized during the jurisprudential interpretation of Qur’anic texts and then investigate the effect of their explicit training on jurisprudential comprehension among advanced learners of seminary schools in Iran. To this purpose, a sequential mixed-methods design was employed. The initial qualitative phase used a phenomenographic approach, analyzing data from expert interviews (n = 6), documentary research, and a literature review to identify key inference types. The subsequent quantitative phase utilized a pre-test/ intervention/ post-test design with an intact class of senior jurisprudence learners (N=17). A researcher-developed test measured comprehension before and after a five-session intervention that provided explicit instruction on the identified linguistic inferences. The qualitative phase identified nine core linguistic inference types essential for jurisprudential comprehension, including Backward Build-Up, Elaboration, Causation, Pragmatism, Analogy, Prediction, Instrumentation, Semantic Framing, and Cognitive Space Blending. The quantitative phase also revealed a statistically significant improvement in jurisprudential comprehension following the intervention. A paired-samples t-test showed a significant mean score increase from 11.71 (SD = 2.28) in the pre-test to 16.76 (SD = 1.20) in the post-test (t (16) = −13.73, p < .001), with a mean gain of 5.06 points. The findings confirm that jurisprudential reasoning operates through a definable set of linguistic inferences that must be learned.
۱۰.
With the expansion of digital technologies and the increasing use of intelligent platforms and applications, a new space has emerged for promoting Qur’anic concepts. In this context, Qur’anic digital businesses can simultaneously pursue cultural, social, and economic objectives. The present study aims to develop a taxonomy of digital business models focusing on the promotion of the Qur’an with a global and intergenerational perspective. To this end, successful local examples such as Habl al-Matin and Tanin Vahy , as well as international applications available on Google Play and the App Store, including Quran Companion, Muslim Pro, Ayat, and Learn Quran Tajwid , were analyzed. This analysis was conducted based on business model dimensions, including value proposition, target customer, sales channel, and value capture. Subsequently, a conceptual framework comprising several main categories of these models is proposed. This taxonomy can serve as a foundation for the design, evaluation, and targeted support of Qur’anic digital businesses (QDB) with a social orientation, benefiting researchers, cultural policymakers, and religious entrepreneurs.
۱۱.
The “right to be forgotten” is an emerging concept in the field of digital rights, referring to the possibility of removing or restricting access to individuals’ past information within public and technological environments. Despite its contemporary origin, this concept can be reinterpreted within the theological and epistemological framework of Islam. The present article aims to elucidate the Qur’anic foundations of this right by analyzing three key concepts in the Qur’an, al-nisyān (forgetfulness), al-ʿafw (forgiveness), and identity reconstruction, and by examining their theoretical potential for the reconstitution of personal identity within society. The study also draws upon Shia traditions and supplicatory texts to explore the concept of satr al-ʿuyūb (concealment of faults) as a complementary dimension of this right. The role of this concept in safeguarding human dignity and preventing the reproduction of damaged identities is critically assessed. The findings indicate that, from the perspective of the Qur’an and Hadith, the possibility of forgetting a person’s sinful past, conditional upon repentance, is not only legitimate but essential for the preservation of human dignity and the individual’s reintegration into social life. Accordingly, it is possible to construct a defensible, indigenous Islamic theoretical model of the right to be forgotten that remains ethically and theologically grounded while simultaneously responding to the transformations of the contemporary digital sphere.
۱۲.
The Qur’an possesses a form of infinite complexity and depth, from which new dimensions of scientific insight continue to emerge as scientific knowledge advances. As time progresses, an increasing number of findings from contemporary sciences become evident. Some researchers have examined these sciences and concluded that they correspond with the teachings of the Qur’an, thus serving as evidence for its scientific miracles. The deeper we explore the scientific aspects of this subject, the more profound and intricate these miracles become. This complexity is reminiscent of the infinite structures found in fractal systems. Consequently, this study investigates various scientific data that have been revealed over time and are also referenced in the Qur’an, focusing on the notion of scientific miracles within the text. By employing descriptive, analytical, and comparative methods, this research aims to demonstrate the existence of such data within the Qur’an, particularly in relation to its complexity, which resembles that of fractals. It must be acknowledged that some of the data present in the Qur’an can only be understood through the passage of time and the emergence of new scientific knowledge. This process reflects the ongoing harmony between the Qur’an and human scientific inquiry. Addressing complex scientific topics not only highlights the enduring relevance of the Qur’an but also underscores its timelessness, as it was revealed for all times and generations.
