تأملی انتقادی بر زندگی اجتماعی افراد دارای معلولیت در ایران؛ یک مطالعه فراترکیب (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
زیست افراد دارای معلولیت در جامعه، یکی از مهم ترین مسائلی است که در چند دهه اخیر مورد توجه بسیاری از محققین و خصوصاً صاحب نظران حوزه علوم انسانی قرار گرفته است. بر این اساس هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی مسائل و مشکلات زیست اجتماعی افراد دارای معلولیت در جامعه ایرانی است. روش این پژوهش از نوع فراترکیب بوده و از الگوی هفت مرحله ای سندلوسکی و بارسو استفاده شده است. بر این اساس با تکیه بر معیارهای روش فراترکیب، نتایج پژوهش های پیشین بین سال های 1380 تا 1402 مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. با استفاده از کلیدواژه های مرتبط، مطالعات گذشته شناسایی و از بین 317 سند علمی معتبر، در نهایت 56 مقاله علمی و پایان نامه با استفاده از معیارهای فراترکیب انتخاب شدند. همچنین برای بررسی کیفیت و پایایی یافته های این مطالعه، از شاخص کاپا استفاده شده است که نتایج آن حکایت از کیفیت مناسب یافته های پژوهش دارد. یافته های این پژوهش منجر به شکل گیری کدهای متفاوتی شد و پس از رفت و برگشت های مداوم و بررسی و اِدغام یافته های اولیه این پژوهش در زمینه های فرعی؛ هشت زمینه اصلی به دست آمد که به ترتیب فراوانی عبارت اند از: خودمدیریتی، تاب آوری، نابرابری فضایی و مکانی، کنشگری رسانه ای، ناکارآمدی حقوقی، تبعیض، نابرابری شغلی و طردشدگی. درنهایت نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که زمینه های یاد شده بیشترین تأثیر را بر زیست معلولین در جامعه ایرانی در دو دهه اخیر داشته است.A critical reflection on the social life of people with disabilities in Iran; A meta synthesis study
Objective: Throughout history, people with physical and mental disabilities have been separated from other members of society and have been affected by moral and social regulations that have invalidated their human and social values (Hughes, 2019). Even though medical science is advancing every day, disability has not been significantly reduced. This issue has caused social thinkers to raise disability as a global issue. People with disabilities, like other members of the society, have the right to marry, form a family, conceive, and generally live healthy and away from exile in the society, but in practice, these people have limitations in exercising their rights related to marriage, forming a family, pregnancy, etc. Are facing People without an active and continuous presence in society will not have the possibility to experience a healthy and suitable life, even though the living conditions have evolved, so that people can make the most of their capabilities in social life (Halversen, 2017: 3). In general, people with disabilities are less present in society than people without disabilities, they often find their social interactions limited, even the existence of educational systems and health care and social services available to compensate for the limitations and physical defects in doing personal things. or they have had little effect (Shakespear, 2010: 268), and they have not been able to remove the social and cultural barriers of presence in the society (Baker et al, 2010: 148). Methods: The metasynthesis method is among the qualitative research methods. This method is used to identify, design and classify the results of studies related to a specific topic. It can be said that in the meta-composite method, such as the meta-analysis method, the researcher puts the analysis and integration of a set of previous studies on his agenda and tries to create a comprehensive set and provide an in-depth and integrated interpretation of the findings (Beck, 2002: 214). The meta-combination method has the characteristic of combining the researches related to a field by using a systematic approach, then identifying their hidden concepts and finally expanding the existing knowledge (Siau and Long, 2005). Disability studies in the country are almost two decades old. According to the ideas that were presented in the previous section, it should be mentioned that disability is a multi-dimensional and broad concept that has always faced obstacles and problems in the society of people who have been involved with disabilities. Based on this, it can be claimed that metasynthesis is a suitable method to achieve comprehensive findings from previous studies on disability; In other words, metasynthesis brings us a deep and broad picture of the studies conducted regarding the social barriers of disabled people in Iranian society and increases the generalization power of the research.Results: Among the number of 56 internal studies that were reviewed, 6 main headings were identified that previous studies in the field of disability were based on these headings. The most frequency of these headings is related to the heading of “cultural and social” topics, which means that in past studies, cultural and social issues have been discussed as drivers or obstacles for disabled people in Iran, then the heading of “individual and psychological” has the highest frequency. It is not hidden to anyone that psychological factors play an undeniable role in the ability of disabled people to overcome disability. On the other hand, the “legal” heading is also very important, basically, the rights of people with disabilities and especially women with disabilities are among the most controversial topics of the legal heading that have been mentioned by researchers in previous studies. One of the topics discussed in previous studies is related to “spatial access”this topic refers to the extent to which disabled people have the right to the city and urban space, finally two topics “economic” and “communication”. It was also determined based on previous studies. The economic heading has been raised mostly due to the weakness of disabled people in accessing suitable jobs and welfare and meeting livelihood needs, and the communication heading emphasizes a part of the capabilities of disabled people that through the media, disabled people can express themselves and represent their concerns in the mass media space.Conclusions: Finally, it should be mentioned that the examination of categories and concepts extracted from the backgrounds of internal research led to 68 conceptual codes, each of these concepts has played a significant role in the formation of the main categories of the research. The examination of these categories and concepts extracted from past research backgrounds was done in order to have a better and coherent understanding and image of the social life of people with disabilities in society and to know what are the major problems that people with disabilities and especially women are facing in society. and it is more important to know that the employment and empowerment of disabled women is one of the things that should be addressed.
تبلیغات
