pilgrim

This study investigates the needs of elderly pilgrims in sacred spaces, with the shrine of Imam Al-Rida (PBUH) in Mashhad as the case study. Amid Iran’s rapid demographic shift toward an aging society, pilgrimage—central to its religious and cultural life—poses distinct physical, psychological, and social challenges for the seniors. The research aims to identify and classify these needs to guide inclusive and dignified shrine management. Using a qualitative grounded theory method, data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with nine experts experienced in pilgrimage services. Analysis with MAXQDA, conducted through open, axial, and selective coding, yielded 567 initial codes, refined into 43 concepts, and grouped into 12 categories. Findings present a model of elderly needs framed by Glasser’s choice theory. Addressing these multifaceted needs—from safety and healthcare to respect, spiritual engagement, and social inclusion—requires deliberate planning rather than ad hoc measures. The resulting conceptual model offers a framework for pilgrimage environments that safeguard dignity, accessibility, and well-being for elderly pilgrims.