meaning in life

زمینه: دوران سالمندی یکی از دوره های مهم و حساس هر شخص می باشد، سبک زندگی و نشاط معنوی به عنوان مولفه هایی تاثیرگذار بر اختلال آلزایمر در این دوره سنی می تواند نقش آفرینی کند. مقایسه سبک زندگی و نشاط معنوی در مبتلایان به اختلال آلزایمر با افراد بدون اختلال آلزایمر از نوآوری های پژوهش حاضر بود. هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر مقایسه سبک زندگی و نشاط معنوی در سالمندان بالای 80 سال با و بدون اختلال آلزایمر بود. روش: پژوهش حاضر از نظرروش علی _ مقایسه ای و به لحاظ شیوه ی گردآوری داده ها پیمایشی بود. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه سالمندان (با اختلال آلزایمر و بدون اختلال آلزایمر) شهرستان قلعه گنج بود. که از بین آنها نمونه ای شامل 80 نفر سالمند در نظر گرفته شد. ابزارهای اندازه گیری پژوهش نیز پرسشنامه سنجش و اندازه گیری سبک زندگی اسحاقی و همکاران (1388)، پرسشنامه نشاط معنوی افروز (1395) که بین افراد توزیع گردید. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از آزمون تحلیل واریانس تک متغیره با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 26 استفاده شد. یافته ها: بین گروه با اختلال آلزایمر و افراد بدون اختلال آلزایمر در متغیرهای وابسته ترکیبی سبک زندگی از نظر آماری تفاوت معنی داری بود (54/61 F=؛ 013/0 P=؛ 99/0=لامبدای ویلکز؛ و 02/0 =مجذور اتای تفکیکی). بین گروه با اختلال آلزایمر و افراد بدون اختلال آلزایمر در متغیرهای وابسته ترکیبی در متغیر نشاط معنوی از نظر آماری تفاوت معنی داری بود (72/41 F=؛ 019/0 P=؛ 99/0 =لامبدای ویلکز؛ و 03/0 =مجذور اتای تفکیکی). نتیجه گیری: مطابق یافته های پژوهش، سبک زندگی و مولفه های آن و نشاط معنوی تاثیر مثبتی بر پیشگیری از اختلال آلزایمر در سالمندان دارد و می-تواند باعث کاهش آلزایمر در سالمندی گردد. گسترش مهارت آموزی و اصلاح سبک زندگی و ارتقای نشاط معنوی بخصوص در سالهای جوانی و کودکی و ارتقای روزبه روز آنها در کشور می تواند برنامه مقابله ای خوبی جهت پیشگری از آلزایمر در جمعیت

Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between coping styles and psychological well-being in female heads of households.Methods: The research design was quantitative, descriptive and within the framework of the correlational method. The statistical population of the research was formed by all the women heads of the household in Sarai, Yousef Abad neighborhood of Tehran in 2024. In this study, using convenience sampling, 50 women were selected as samples. In order to collect research data, Coping Styles Questionnaire for Stressful Situations (CISS) and Ryff scale of psychological well-being (RSPWB) were used. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS-26 software, and research hypotheses and data were analyzed using correlation test, one-sample t, one-factor ANOVA, and Tukey's post hoc test.Results: The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between problem-oriented coping style and psychological well-being in women heads of households. Also, there is a significant negative relationship between emotional and avoidant coping styles with psychological well-being. According to (P<0.01) for all hypotheses, the level of significance has been proven.Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that female heads of households who use a problem-oriented coping style have a greater sense of self-efficacy and peace of mind, and the use of previous experiences in solving various life problems will make them self-reliant people. And they have higher psychological well-being, and in contrast to female heads of households who use an emotional and avoidant coping style, they have lower psychological well-being.

Objective: The current research aimed to examine the effectiveness of positive cognitive behavioral therapy on psychological flexibility and the meaning of life among single women aged 25 to 35 in Tehran. Methods: The method of the study was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design, including a control group and a follow-up phase. The population of this study consisted of single women aged 25 to 35 from Tehran, who had visited the community centers of District One during the second half of 2021. The sampling was purposive, and the study sample included a control group and an experimental group, each consisting of 20 randomly placed participants. The experimental group received 8 bi-weekly two-hour sessions in a group setting, following the protocol of Bannink (2014). Instruments used in this study included the Bond Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (2011) and Steger's Meaning in Life Questionnaire (2010). Data analysis was conducted in two phases: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. For inferential statistics, given the design of the study, parametric tests and the normality of data distribution were assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test and univariate analysis of covariance, and data analysis was performed using SPSS version 24. Findings: The findings indicated that positive cognitive behavioral therapy significantly increased psychological flexibility (F = 75.22, p = .001) and enhanced the meaning of life (F = 57.13, p = .001) among the participants, and these effects were maintained during the follow-up phase. Conclusion: Positive cognitive behavioral therapy can be an effective method for improving psychological flexibility and meaning in life among single women and can be utilized by therapists and clients.

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the relationship between mental health and mental toughness with the meaning in life in families of children with autism. Methods: The statistical population included all families with children with autism registered in the Autism Society of Tehran in 2022 (totaling 2,040 individuals). From this population, 322 participants were selected using convenience sampling based on Morgan's table. Participants were assessed using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) by Goldberg (1999), the Mental Toughness Questionnaire by Clough, Earle, and Sewell (2002), and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire by Steger, Frazier, Oishi, and Kaler (2006). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression tests via SPSS version 23. Findings: The findings revealed a significant relationship between meaning in life and both mental health and mental toughness in families of children with autism. The dimensions of mental health significantly predicted the presence of meaning and the search for meaning in life. Furthermore, the dimensions of mental toughness were also significant predictors of the presence of meaning and the search for meaning (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results, the role of mental health and mental toughness is crucial in fostering a positive experience of meaning in life for families of children with autism.