Economic Conditions

Because colonial governments disrupt financial markets to exert political pressure on target countries. For this purpose, in this study, the effects of sanctions on the economic conditions of countries are examined. The criteria (sanctions) examined in this study were placed in international, property, commercial, knowledge, oil, finance and individual groups. These criteria are the sanctions imposed on Iran in the period 1984 to 2020. The method used for analysis is a combination of the Fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory technique and sanctions intensity model. The results of this study indicate that in the introduced model, international sanctions are the most effective. These sanctions are most effective when the sanctioned government is in business. Thus, international sanctions have the greatest impact on the government's trade disputes (Commercial sanctions). International sanctions on a country like Iran, which trades in oil and sells its oil, affect oil sanctions as much as they affect Commercial sanctions, but less on individual sanctions. Finally, the results of the model indicate that the intensity of sanctions was at its peak between 2010 and 2015, with the greatest effect being due to international sanctions.

Purpose: The primary objective of this study is to design a socio-economic model of book publishing with an emphasis on the cultural economy. Methods and Materials: This study employs a grounded theory approach with an inductive movement trajectory. The research process begins with data from the field and literature, leading to conceptualization and determination of relationships between concepts. The statistical population includes all available documents and in-depth interviews with experts in the field of book publishing. The sample size is determined based on theoretical saturation and purposive sampling. Data collection methods include in-depth unstructured and semi-structured interviews, and document studies aimed at discovering and extracting concepts and their interrelationships. Qualitative and conceptual content analysis methods were used through open, axial, and selective coding. Findings: The study identifies several critical factors influencing the book publishing industry in Iran. Key factors include liquidity (5.71%), content production (16.32%), economic conditions (12.06%), social trends (15.19%), cultural trends (4.34%), media (4.34%), legal frameworks (1.93%), and support and infrastructure. Content production emerged as the most significant factor, highlighting the importance of aligning publishing strategies with audience preferences and socio-cultural trends. Economic conditions and social trends also play crucial roles, indicating the need for adaptive strategies in managing financial and social dynamics. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive socio-economic model of book publishing, emphasizing the cultural economy. The findings underscore the importance of financial management, content alignment with audienc