Islamic Republic of Iran

The national security policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, within the framework of conventional approaches—despite its strengths—suffers from certain deficiencies and potential vulnerabilities. Therefore, it requires scientific research to outline a suitable and necessary theoretical model and to employ an efficient and desirable approach. This would assist policymakers in this field in identifying potential vulnerabilities, addressing existing deficiencies, and presenting strategies that align with the conditions and necessities of Iran and the region, and are consistent with the characteristics of the Islamic Republic of Iran's system. This article has been written with the aim of outlining a theoretical model for the national security policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on Societal security. The research process is based on a system of questions, formulated in the form of main and sub-questions, and employs the "qualitative meta-synthesis" method, which aligns with the type of research and its requirements. After reviewing the background and literature on the subject, selecting appropriate theories, and combining various approaches to policy and national security policy, and adding the theory of societal security to it, a clear achievement has been presented for improving the national security policy process based on the indicators of the societal security theory. By using this, it is possible to identify the existing weaknesses and potential damages in the national security policy process and to propose strategies that are appropriate to the conditions and correspond to the specialized topics in the field of Iran's national security.

This dissertation investigates the impact of the US-China trade war on regional and international cooperation patterns, with a specific focus on Iran-China relations. The ongoing rivalry between the United States and China, the world's two largest economies, extends beyond trade and into geopolitical and diplomatic realms, reshaping alliances and economic strategies across the globe. Among the countries influenced by this global shift, Iran presents a compelling case study due to its ongoing economic isolation from the West, largely driven by US sanctions. This research seeks to explore how the US-China trade war has created opportunities for Iran and China to deepen their bilateral ties and develop alternative cooperation models at both regional and international levels. The importance of this study lies in its ability to shed light on how economic conflicts between superpowers can inadvertently generate strategic opportunities for other states. By analysing the political and economic dynamics between Iran and China in the aftermath of the trade war, this research contributes to a broader understanding of shifting global power structures. The study is guided by the central research question: How has the US-China trade war created opportunities for Iran and China to strengthen regional and international relations and establish new cooperation models? Employing the Hegemonic Stability Theory, it argues that the potential decline in US dominance will catalyse the emergence of new geopolitical alignments, especially in regions where American influence has weakened. The findings reveal that the trade war has indeed acted as a catalyst for strengthened Iran-China relations. Both nations have strategically capitalised on reduced Western engagement to pursue mutual interests, enhance economic cooperation, and position themselves as key actors in a multipolar world. The study concludes that this evolving partnership exemplifies how geopolitical tensions can lead to new patterns of global cooperation, challenging established power hierarchies.  

After the end of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States and the collapse of the bipolar system, the British government, as a secondary power, sought to revise its foreign policy principles based on the necessities of the 21st century. Especially after the events of September 11, 2001, London officials reviewed the foundations of the country's foreign policy within the framework of a new international order centered on the United States. As a result of the new structure of British foreign policy, the political relations of this country with other international actors underwent changes, such that this issue also impacted the bilateral relations between London and Tehran. This research examines the foundations of British foreign policy as the main pillars of the country's foreign relations in the post-September 11 era. This article analyzes this topic using a descriptive-analytical method based on a foundational approach. The aim of this writing is to answer the main question: "What are the most important foundations of British foreign policy and what effects do they have on Britain's bilateral relations with the Islamic Republic of Iran?" The results of this research indicate that commercial diplomacy, energy security, US-British special relationship, the maintenance of the security and survival of the Zionist regime, and attention to human rights issues with specific perspectives are among the most important foundations and constructs of British foreign policy, each of which has in some way darkened and challenged relations between London and Tehran.

The control of regional threats has consistently been a crucial aspect of the United States' strategies in various regions. With the adoption of anti-hegemonic policies by the Islamic Republic of Iran in West Asia, the US's regional threat control strategy has been specifically designed and implemented against it. The strategy to contain Iran has undergone a fundamental transformation in response to shifts in the security landscape of West Asia. Understanding this alteration is essential for obtaining a more accurate understanding of the US’s containment strategy, which facilitates the development of more effective countermeasures and neutralization tactics. The central research question of this study is: How has the US control system against the Islamic Republic of Iran evolved, and what are its underlying causes? In addressing this question, the following hypothesis is proposed: The US control system against Iran has shifted from a straightforward, linear, resource-oriented framework to a complex, multi-layered network control system. This change is deeply rooted in the transition of the regional order from a simple structure to one that is increasingly complex and chaotic. The research methodology employed in this article is deductive, with resources and information being gathered through document-based and library research.