Religious Culture

This paper aimed to investigate the differences between English and Persian religious elements which may be problematic in translating from English into Persian. The study aimed also to investigate the way cultural elements in general and religious ones in particular were dealt with in the selected corpora and to check whether the procedures proposed by Newmark, were sufficient and adequate for translation of these elements from English into Persian. One book The Pilgrim’s Progress by J. Bunyan and its corresponding translated Persian version were analyzed. This paper was mostly narrowed down to religious cultural elements. The findings indicated that there was no evidence to show a consistent effort on the part of translator to use any particular translation approach in the process of achieving adequate translation. The findings showed that procedures suggested by Newmark have accounted well for the transfer of cultural as well as religious elements; it was observed that Newmark’s range of procedures was comprehensive and worked well nearly for cultural elements included in the selected corpuses.

The seminary institution has long been influential in Iranian society and is recognized as a driving force behind Islamic culture. Consequently, it has played a significant role in the spiritual and ethical life of the community. At certain points in history, the seminary has taken on the banner of the fight against tyranny and colonialism, leaning on a religious culture. The present study aims to examine the historical role of the seminary in institutionalizing religious culture in Iranian society over the last century. The researcher focuses on the seminary before the Islamic Revolution, employing a descriptive-analytical approach and relying on an analysis of historical documents to interpret the collected data. The framework governing this research is derived from a definition of culture that aligns with the study's objectives. The findings indicated that the seminary has not only preserved its intrinsic mission of deepening religious understanding but has also worked to convey and disseminate Islamic teachings within society. 

Folklore is an important indicator in determining the culture of each nation so that we can without doubt say that the most lasting and purest literary and artistic creations of mankind have been inspired by the folklore and literature of the masses. Lullabies are also part of the oral folk literature of the society which originated from the minds of the masses; hence, indirectly transferring different concepts to the minds of the listeners. Therefore, based on a descriptive-analytic approach in this article, we decided to answer questions like what issues do the written Persian lullabies cover in relation to the religious culture? And else what role do these Persian lullabies play in transferring it to children? The results of this study show that among mothers’ lullabies, religious culture has been expressed in different ways, such as "religious beliefs, moral beliefs, and public opinions", while the hypnotic melodies can play an important role in the religious identity of children. Therefore, mothers’ shares should not be underestimated in creation and development of such feelings and beliefs.