Islamic Political Thought

One of the rules and principles that has long been considered a necessity of human society in the narrations of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) and the Shiite Imams (AS) and consequently in jurisprudence, is maintaining the system. From the beginning of Islam until now, Muslim leaders and Islamic thinkers have ruled on the prohibition of what causes disruption of the system, and in return, they have considered maintaining the system obligatory, and consequently, have considered what is necessary for maintaining the system obligatory. This ruling has become so widespread among jurists and other Muslim thinkers that it has become a rule; Of course, it is clear that this issue is not one of the founding principles and rules of Islam, but since the most important document of it is reason, in every system and society everyone has been and is seeking to preserve the system of their society, and perhaps it can be said that this need has been felt since the very beginning of human society. In this case, according to the view presented by Imam Khomeini (RA), the obligation to preserve the Islamic system is one of the primary rules and has such a strong interest that it takes precedence over other religious rules. Therefore, if there is a conflict between the interests of the Islamic system and other interests - even if none of the secondary titles exist - the interests of the system take precedence and the other ruling is temporarily suspended. The ruling that the jurist issues in this case is a governmental ruling and is formed based on the interests of the Islamic society - the interests of Islam and Muslims.

The Islamic Resistance Front planned a massive attack on the positions of the Zionist regime on October 7, 2023, and presented it in the form of the Battle of Al-Aqsa Storm. The main question of this research, which was developed based on the descriptive-analytical method, is to evaluate and examine the extent to which ethical principles were applied and observed in the recent battle between Hamas and the Zionist regime, looking at the theory of just war and within the framework of the theories of Al-Farabi and Michael Wallers. Therefore, according to the research findings, the Al-Aqsa Storm operation itself had a moral justification in the form of the right of Palestinians to self-determination, while the invocation of self-defense by the Zionist regime and the brutal attacks against civilians do not fit into positive moral practices and self-defense. However, the Zionist regime produces the power of language in what can be called the seduction of power, something to which not only humans in general, but also the victims in particular are exposed, which in turn often encourages and justifies oppression.

Political theology in every religion encompasses a system of political imagination that must first be understood to grasp the politics within that faith. The political forces in societies are each shaped by a utopia and work toward realizing a specific future vision. Politics essentially represents a competition to establish order for what is to come. The Holy Quran also presents distinct frameworks of political imagination, the exploration of which is vital for understanding politics through the lens of the Holy Quran. Consequently, this article addresses how politics in the Holy Quran is formulated based on the utopias articulated within it. The data analysis method in the article is thematic interpretation, and the data collection method is based on documentary studies. The article does not test a hypothesis or use a theoretical framework but ultimately presents a Quranic theoretical framework for analyzing politics. The article's findings can also be expressed as follows: by drawing two different utopias, the Holy Quran has expressed the formation of politics as a confrontation between two distinct logic governing societies. Accordingly, the communities of the righteous move within the framework of the "logic of blessings" and have utopias such as King David and Solomon, while the people of the world move within the framework of the worldly "logic of boon" and have utopias such as the Garden of Shaddad. The competition between the two utopias, achieved with different logics of life, forms the fundamental conflict of politics from the perspective of the Holy Quran.

According to many strategic analysts, Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah, the Secretary-General of Hezbollah in Lebanon, is a skilled practitioner of psychological warfare who, under specific conditions, can shift the dynamics of regional conflicts in favor of the Axis of Resistance. This perception stems from the understanding that political struggle often involves tactics of deception, yet Nasrallah is widely regarded as remarkably truthful—so much so that even Shimon Peres, the former president of the Zionist regime, described him as Israel’s “most honest enemy,” acknowledging his strategic awareness and analytical acumen in regional and international affairs. Such political foresight has enabled Nasrallah to make accurate predictions regarding global developments, particularly concerning the future of the Zionist regime. Hezbollah strategically frames its confrontation with Israel through specific events, often articulated by its Secretary-General. This study aims to analyze the political views and ideological framework of Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah.

The intersection of faith and political power represents a central debate preoccupying contemporary political theorists. This debate gains particular significance in the context of an Islamic State. In the modern world, interpretations of Islam vary widely, ranging from traditionalist views advocating for extensive religious involvement in politics to secular perspectives favoring a separation based on humanistic experience. Theoretical discourse on the extent of religion's role in politics has now entered a new phase. This study addresses the question: "What is the mechanism of religion's influence in politics?" The proposed hypothesis is that Islamic law, grounded in human needs and the epistemological source of divine revelation, promotes a maximalist interpretation of Islam. Within the framework of the divine theory of governance, this has led to the development of "Political Islam," which is presented as an evolved manifestation of the divine government theory.

This article examines central themes in the intellectual legacy of the renowned Indian Muslim poet and thinker, Dr. Muhammad Iqbal. Iqbal aimed to revitalize Muslim identity and the broader Islamic world to effectively respond to Western hegemony, being deeply concerned by the ideological subjugation of the East in political, cultural, and social domains. Through his poetry, his political and economic ideas strive to rejuvenate a sense of self-confidence and innovation within the global Muslim community (Ummah). He urged Muslims to rediscover their distinct identity and sense of selfhood (Khudi) as a means to counter Western dominance. Iqbal's thought reflects a strong criticism of capitalism and colonial rule. As an alternative, he viewed certain principles of socialism favorably, particularly from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, though he unequivocally rejected its atheistic manifestations. Furthermore, Iqbal advocated for a fundamental reinterpretation (reconstruction) of Islamic thought to ensure its relevance in the modern era. Ultimately, his philosophy presents a synthesis of Islamic modernism, anti-imperialism, pan-Islamism, and a vision for a socially just society grounded in Islamic principles.