Land use and Sustainable Development

Today, energy consumption in our country has become one of the serious concerns of politicians, especially in the domestic water consumption sector. And due to Iran being located in the dry and waterless part of the world and its dire need for drinking water, this concern has intensified. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of lifestyle on the water consumption of families in Sari County. The method of this research is survey and descriptive studies and also includes correlational research. A questionnaire was used to collect data and information. The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the consumeristic-hedonistic lifestyle and the couple's education and the amount of water consumption. But there is a negative and significant relationship between the age of the couple and the amount of water consumption. Also, the findings of this research showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the couple's income and the consumeristic-hedonistic lifestyle. But there is a negative and significant relationship between the age of the couple and the consumerist-hedonistic lifestyle.

Relocating a capital city is a complex process that requires a comprehensive assessment of geopolitical, economic, social, environmental, security, and political dimensions. The success of such a relocation hinges on meticulous planning, public participation, and effective management. This action can contribute to the balanced distribution of resources, reduce regional disparities, and foster sustainable development at the national level. In this regard, this article endeavors to identify and categorize the significant challenges associated with relocating the capital from Tehran to the Makoran coast using a structural-interpretive approach. The research methodology is descriptive-analytical. To identify the factors, content analysis was employed. Data was collected through interviews and paired questionnaires. The relationships between key challenges were analyzed holistically using a novel analytical methodology known as Structural Interpretive Modeling (ISM). The findings of this research indicate that a shortage of freshwater with a penetration power of 13, climate change with a penetration power of 12, and a lack of basic infrastructure with a penetration power of 10 are the primary challenges related to relocating the capital from Tehran to the Makoran coast from a land-use planning perspective. These challenges serve as the foundation of the model, and for the relocation of Iran's capital to the Makoran coast, these challenges should be prioritized. Therefore, considering the identified challenges, it can be concluded that a complete relocation of the capital to the Makoran coast does not seem to be the most logical solution.

On the economic front, quantitative models reveal that Bonab is uniquely positioned among the province’s mediate cities, as it possesses fundamental conditions in both the service and agricultural sectors. In contrast, other cities in the region maintain a robust agricultural base but fall short in industrial and service dimensions. Given these strengths, Bonab holds substantial promise to evolve into a central hub for service and agricultural activities, particularly benefiting the southern areas of East Azerbaijan province.

Ecological cities seek to create a sustainable balance between human activities and the environment. Based on the objective, this is applied-developmental research. In the qualitative section, grounded theory and MAXQDA software were used for qualitative data analysis. Interpretive-structural modeling and a structural self-interaction matrix were used to provide the initial model. In the quantitative analysis section, the partial least squares technique, structural equation modeling with PLS software, was used. The location and case study are the city of Qazvin. The characteristics and dimensions related to the ecological city in the community, geographical dimension, physical boundary, and sphere of influence with eco-urban dimensions have been studied and analyzed. The results seek to raise awareness and assist in generalizing to similar societies and expanding its application. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes experts, university professors, and urban management specialists. The sampling method combines two methods: purposive non-probability sampling and theoretical sampling. The questionnaire includes 15 main factors and 60 items. Using the power analysis rule at a 95% confidence level, with an effect size of 0.15 and a statistical power of 80%, the minimum sample size was estimated to be 145 people. For greater certainty, 150 questionnaires were collected. The relationships of the constructs affecting the model were investigated and identified. After identifying the sequence of constructs, they were classified in the MICMAC diagram based on the power of influence and the degree of dependence.

This study investigates the feasibility of implementing smart water supply systems as part of the broader smart city initiative in Qazvin, Iran. The research aims to analyze the relationship between smart water supply systems and urban smartness, focusing on the potential benefits and challenges associated with their integration. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study combines qualitative interviews with experts in urban planning and quantitative surveys targeting municipal managers and water supply authorities. The findings reveal that smart water supply systems can significantly enhance urban infrastructure by improving water management efficiency, reducing waste, and increasing citizen engagement. However, challenges such as financial constraints, lack of technical expertise, and insufficient regulatory frameworks hinder the successful implementation of these systems. The study concludes that while the potential for smart water supply systems in Qazvin is promising, strategic planning, investment in technology, and stakeholder collaboration are essential for overcoming existing barriers. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on smart cities and offers practical insights for policymakers and urban planners aiming to foster sustainable urban development through innovative water management solutions.