صمد میرزاسوزنی

This study aimed to examine the strategies employed in translating Qur’ānic proper names, using Chesterman’s (1997) model as the theoretical framework. To achieve this, 100 Arabic proper nouns were purposively sampled to analyze the frequency and distribution of translation strategies across six English translations of the Holy Qur’ān. The translations considered were those by Yusuf Ali (1934), Pickthall (1930), Saffarzadeh (2001), Arberry (1973), Qarai (2003), and Shakir (1993). After identifying all proper names, the translation strategies utilized by each translator were coded and compared. The findings revealed that all translators relied on three primary strategies: loan translation, paraphrase, and synonymy, though their usage varied in frequency. Loan translation emerged as the most frequently used strategy among all translators, whereas paraphrase was the least used, except in the cases of Saffarzadeh and Shakir. Specifically, Saffarzadeh applied paraphrase and synonymy with equal frequency, while Shakir favored paraphrase over synonymy. In conclusion, the analysis showed that all six translators employed only three of the strategies outlined in Chesterman’s (1997) model. Loan translation was the predominant strategy, followed by synonymy and paraphrase, with the latter two varying slightly in their order of frequency among Saffarzadeh and Shakir.

The present study aimed to investigate the translation strategies used in the English renditions of the end-of-the-world saviourship verses of the Holy Qur’ān, from the perspective of the translators' religious backgrounds. For this purpose, the English translations by three translators, Muslim, Christian, and Jewish (namely, Saffarzadeh (2001), Arberry (1957), and Dawood (1956), respectively), on the topic of saviourship in the Holy Qur’ān were collected and examined. To identify the translation strategy or strategies and to support the analysis of the translations and the ideologies underlying them, Newmark’s (1988) translation strategies, as well as a revised model of Larson’s (1998) TQA proposed by Rahimi (2004) (including accuracy, clarity, and naturalness), were employed as theoretical frameworks. Additionally, two Qur’ānic exegeses by Gulam Malik Farid and Tafsir al-Mizan by Allameh Tabataba’I, alongside selected authentic traditions or Hadiths, were consulted to provide a deeper understanding of the Qur’ānic interpretations. The results of the study indicated that ideological factors played a significant role in the choice of translation procedures, the translator’s intentions, and the academic and exegetical references used in each translation. More specifically, the Muslim translator tended toward a more meaning-oriented approach, placing greater emphasis on conveying meaning than the Jewish and Christian translators. Saffarzadeh also made more deliberate efforts to avoid manipulation and distortion compared to the other two translators.

The present comparative-descriptive study aimed to investigate two English translations of Qur’ānic allusions in Hafiz’s poems based on Leppihalme’s (1997) model. To this end, 50 ghazals from The Divan of Hafiz and two corresponding English translations by Clarke (2005) and Salami (2016), were selected through random sampling. After data collection, comparisons were made and analyzed according to Leppihalme’s (1997) translation procedures to identify which strategies were used more or less frequently by the two translators and to examine any differences between the translated and original texts, as well as between the translations themselves. Descriptive statistics, including frequency counts and percentages, along with inferential statistics such as the Chi-square test, were applied. The results of the descriptive analysis showed that the most frequently used strategies in both translations were Literal Translation, Replacement by Target-Language Equivalent, and Replacement by Source-Language Equivalent, respectively. The inferential analysis indicated that there was no significant difference in the translators’ use of translation procedures based on Leppihalme’s model when compared with the original text. Moreover, there were no notable differences between the two English translations of Qur’ānic allusions when compared with each other

Comparing human and machine abilities for translating English literary texts into Persian and paying attention to the differences in the readability levels of the items to be translated into Persian by machine and human translators were the main impetus to conduct this study. Accordingly, the present study aimed to examine the legibility of two versions of Persian translation of the book “The Old Man and the Sea” (1951) by Google translate and human translator (namely, Azima, 2006). The comparison was done by Flesch Kincaid Grade, with different sub-criteria for evaluation. The findings suggest that both machine and human translations are very different based on Flesch Kincaid Grade criteria so that human translation may even be more readable. The results of this study can affect curriculum planning, especially in the field of translation. Another benefit of this study is that students could become familiar with their strengths and weaknesses in translation and hence it can be effective in evaluating translation students as would-be translators.

The present study aims to investigate the translation of culturally sensitive concepts from the perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Descriptive-Explanatory Translation Studies (DETS) in literary texts. It examines the existing data based on the internal relationship of dominant ideologies, power relations, and censorship laws with the translator's choices to find out whether these they can help researchers establish a relationship between literary translation and constraining factors of social origin. The research data consist of translations of culturally sensitive concepts relating to unconventional relationships in three translated literary texts. To this end, a socio-cognitive theoretical framework with an emphasis on the dialectical relationship between society and discourse is used. The theoretical approaches that are found applicable are Wodak’s (2001) discourse-historical CDA model and van Dijk’s (1998) socio-cognitive CDA model. The study also employs a diachronic retrospective methodology based on Toury’s (1980, 1995) comparative model. The findings show that translators’ choices in literary texts are governed by the constraints of social origin and that literary texts, both original and translated, like non-literary texts, contain a lot of information about the relationship between ideology, power relations, and discourse.