جبرئیل نوکنده

Jewelry has been prevalent in human societies since ancient times. By studying these artifacts and analyzing the decorative styles and techniques employed in their creation, researchers can gain insights into the identities of the people who produced them. Archaeological excavations in Jubon cemetery in Gilan province have uncovered numerous Gurkani graves dating from the first millennium BC to the Sassanid period. Some of these graves were found gold earrings, now kept in the National Museum of Iran. This research aims to classify earrings found in the Juban cemetery and compare them with those from the North Caucasus to identify their manufacturing techniques and production workshops. The study employs a descriptive-analytical method with a comparative approach. The findings indicate that the earrings from the Jubon cemetery can be classified into two typological categories: The first type is gold earrings without precious stones and the second is gold earrings adorned with garnet decorations. The identified manufacturing techniques include relief, casting, hammering, inlaying, and wiring, which were prevalent among Greek and Scythian artisans during the Parthian period. The methods used in making Jubon earrings show similarities to earrings from the North Caucasus, but significant differences in the decoration of gold indicate local production.

Tappeh Bazgir is one of the most important archaeological sites of the Late Bronze Age in northeastern Iran. At this site, a hoard of 759 Bronze Age copper-alloy objects with an approximate weight of more than two tons was excavated. This find is unique in terms of volume and the extraordinary finds it contained. This archaeological hoard was discovered by chance in 2001, and in 2010 a rescue excavation was carried out at the findspot. This hoard had been buried in the virgin soil and deliberately concealed under a residential floor in the Late Bronze Age. The objects recovered served different purposes; they include agricultural and household implements, tools, ceremonial objects and a variety of weapons. The artifacts were all located next to each other in a pit and had been arranged in a regular manner. There were also three shields among these objects. They had been placed next to each other under basins with gutter-shaped pipes and on top of daggers, hatchets, axes, two-pronged forks, and stone rods. These weapons had evidently been positioned at close to the domestic objects. The shields are of strikingly similar shapes, but they differ slightly in the number of openings and bars. Up to now, no similar shields have been found at any other archaeological site. These shields seem to be the oldest shields excavated in Iran. XRD and XRF analyses revealed that one of the shields and other objects of the hoard were made of cast copper-alloy, and they were subjected to cold forging/hammering later.