محمدجواد ظریف

Ein intellektueller Ansatz für friedensorientierte Gedanken in der Ära der Islamischen Republik ist die religiös orientierte Friedensidee, die das Konzept des Friedens aus der Perspektive des Islams untersucht. Denker dieser Denkschule analysieren die Wurzeln und Kontexte von Zwietracht und sozio-politischer Gewalt in der Gesellschaft. Sie greifen dabei auf islamische Texte zurück, darunter Koranverse, die Praxis des Propheten sowie die Aussprüche und Traditionen der schiitischen Imame, um Frieden, Koexistenz, Toleranz und Geduld für Individuen und sozio-politische Gruppen zu fördern und vorzuschreiben. Diese Studie zielt mithilfe eines theoretischen Rahmens und einer gestaffelten Methodologie der Gedankenanalyse darauf ab, diese Denker und ihre Ansichten zu identifizieren. Dabei werden Problemstellungen, vorgeschlagene Lösungen und Dimensionen analysiert, die in einem religiösen friedensorientierten Ansatz verwurzelt sind. Die von religiös friedensorientierten Denkern aufgeworfenen Themen lassen sich in mehrere Kategorien einteilen, darunter: politische Streitigkeiten und Konflikte zwischen Einzelpersonen und Gruppen, militante Auslegungen des Islams, die Anwendung bestimmter rechtlicher Vorschriften zur Rechtfertigung von Tötungen, offizielle religiöse Interpretationen, ideologischer Extremismus, die Übernahme vorislamischer Stammesgewalt in die islamische Kultur, epistemologische Verwirrung beim Verständnis der Religion sowie irreführende und geheiligte Unwissenheit in Bezug auf Religion. Zur Bekämpfung von Gewalt und zur Förderung von Frieden und friedlicher Koexistenz in der Gesellschaft haben diese Denker Lösungen wie Einheit, religiöse Demokratie, die Anwendung von Kriegs- und Friedensprinzipien basierend auf schiitischen Lehren, Pluralismus, die Förderung eines glaubensbasierten und monotheistischen Friedens, die Entwicklung einer Friedenstheologie und zehn epistemologische Unterscheidungen im Verständnis der Religion vorgeschlagen.

The geopolitical landscape of West Asia, especially the Persian Gulf region, is characterized by protracted conflicts, humanitarian crises, and complex historical grievances. To address these challenges and foster stability, this paper proposes the establishment of a new constructive initiative - the Muslim West Asian Dialogue Association (MWADA) - at the heart of the region. This initiative seeks to bring together key Muslim nations in this region for comprehensive dialogue and cooperative action, grounded in principles of mutual respect, shared security, and economic integration. By focusing on shared challenges and opportunities, MWADA aims to transform the current narrative of conflict into one of collaboration and sustainable development, emphasizing the urgent need for a collective approach to regional issues.

Iran nuclear program had been the main theme for portraying Iran as an imminent threat to international peace and stability. Several United Nations Security Council Resolutions, adopted under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations from 2006 to 2010 identified the Iranian nuclear issue as a proliferation concern and thus a possible threat to international peace and security. With the conclusion of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, the UN Security Council Resolution 2231 marked the start of de-securitization of Iran nuclear program. During Trump presidency, the United States pursued the maximum pressure campaign consisting of economic, political, and military pressure against Iran, coupled with securitizing speech acts to convince the audience of the necessity of a more comprehensive deal with Iran. Using Barry Buzan’s Securitization Theory and Process Tracing as research method, this study tries to investigate the outcome of Trump Administration campaign for re-securitization of Iran nuclear program, specifically in international political arena. It finds that while Trump policy succeeded in imposing heavy economic cost on Iran, it failed to re-securitize the Iranian nuclear program.

Dr. Mohammad Javad Zarif, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republicof Iran, opened the Sixth Model United Nations (MUN) Simulation Exercise on24 August 2017 in Tehran. The theme of the UN Security Council Simulationthis year was the nuclear programme of the People’s Democratic Republic ofKorea (PDRK). In his speech, Dr. Zarif first applauded the Model UN simulations held by the International Studies Journal, and mentioned that he has missed teaching international relations in an academic setting. He also mentioned that it was heartwarming for him to see so many women participants in the room, and took pride in Iranian women being interested in international relations and world politics. Dr. Zarif also spoke about the significance of Cold War as well as the collapse of Soviet Union and the role that the UN played 30 years ago. He also emphasized that “We all need to arrive at a good, reliable,and convincing understanding of this period of transition, which was perceivedat a certain time in the past to be of a rather short period and expected – orsimply aspired to - arrive at a definitive position of unchallenged Americanglobal hegemony. Well, that hasn’t come to pass.” He also touched base on the issue of North Korea (DPRK) and mentioned that “it is not only states that areengaged in the drama, a much larger catalog of players and actors, inclusive ofnon-state actors – falling under the general rubric of civil society - are alsoinvolved and bear on the situation.” In addition, he talked about the significance of ‘change and power’ in international relations and iterated that “power couldbe defined as increasing influence and decreasing vulnerability.” Dr. Zarif mentioned a few historical and political events in which the issue of  power and gaining hegemony were involved. Lastly, he discussed how the Security Council failed Iran and watched in silence when Iraqis used chemical weapons on Iranians during the Iran-Iraq war. In the end, he wished the participants success and luck in the Model UN simulation and hoped that they could “move in the direction of - hopefully – political-diplomaticresolution of a regional tension with grave consequences for international peaceand security.”