سید حسین نصرو چالش مدرنیته (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
این پژوهش با هدف بررسی و تحلیل دیدگاه های دکتر سید حسین نصر درباره مدرنیته و مواجهه جهان اسلام با تمدن جدید غربی انجام شده است. مسئله اصلی تحقیق، ارزیابی میزان کارآمدی اندیشه های نصر در ارائه پروژه ای دفاعی و منسجم در برابر مدرنیته است. پرسش محوری آن است که آیا نصر توانسته الگویی عملی و قابل تحقق برای تمدن سازی اسلامی ارائه دهد یا خیر؟ روش پژوهش، تحلیلی انتقادی با رجوع به آثار مکتوب، مواضع فکری و عملکردهای فرهنگی نصر بر مبنای سنت گرایی (Perennialism) و عرفان اسلامی، به ویژه تلقی نصر از «حکمت جاویدان» بنا شده است. نتایج نشان می دهد که هرچند نصر با نقد عمیق نسبت به مدرنیته غربی خواهان بازگشت به سنت و معنویت اسلامی است، اما تلقی وی از حضور دین در عرصه عمومی ناقص و غیرعملیاتی است. تأکید افراطی بر طریقت و غفلت از شریعت، به حاشیه رفتن احکام اجتماعی دین و ضعف در ارائه راهکار سیاسی انجامیده است. نصر به رغم نقدهایش به مدرنیته، دیدگاه شفافی درباره حکومت دینی نداشته و تجربه همکاری اش با رژیم پهلوی این ابهام را تشدید می کند. در نهایت، فرضیه پژوهش مبنی بر ناکارآمدی نظریه نصر به عنوان الگویی جامع برای رویارویی تمدنی با مدرنیته، تأیید می شود. واژگان کلیدی : سید حسین نصر، سنت، مدرنیته، اسلام، معنویت و سیاستSeyyed Hossein Nasr and the Challenge of Modernity
This research aims to examine and analyze Dr. Seyyed Hossein Nasr's views on modernity and the Islamic world's response to the Western civilization. The main issue of the study is evaluating the effectiveness of Nasr's ideas in offering a coherent and defensive project against modernity. The central question is whether Nasr has provided a practical and achievable model for Islamic civilization-building. The research method is analytical and critical, based on Nasr’s written works, intellectual positions, and cultural practices, grounded in Perennialism and Islamic mysticism, especially his concept of the "Perennial Wisdom." The results indicate that although Nasr, through profound criticism of Western modernity, advocates a return to Islamic tradition and spirituality, his understanding of religion's role in the public sphere is incomplete and impractical. An excessive focus on Sufism, coupled with neglecting the Sharia, has led to the marginalization of the social aspects of religion and a lack of political solutions. Despite his criticism of modernity, Nasr does not have a clear view on Islamic governance, and his experience with the Pahlavi regime exacerbates this ambiguity. Ultimately, the research hypothesis, based on the ineffectiveness of Nasr’s theory as a comprehensive model for a civilizational confrontation with modernity, is confirmed. Keywords: Seyyed Hussein Nasr, tradition, modernity, Islam, spirituality and politics. Introduction This research aims to examine and analyze the perspectives of Dr. Seyyed Hossein Nasr regarding modernity and the encounter of the Islamic world with the new Western civilization. The main issue under investigation is assessing the effectiveness of Nasr's ideas in presenting a defensive and coherent project in response to modernity. The central question is whether Nasr has been able to offer a practical and feasible model for Islamic civilizational development. Materials & Methods The research method is analytical-critical, based on a study of Nasr’s written works, intellectual positions, and cultural engagements, grounded in Traditionalism (Perennialism) and Islamic mysticism—especially his interpretation of the "Perennial Philosophy." Discussion & Result The findings suggest that while Nasr, through his deep critique of Western modernity, calls for a return to Islamic tradition and spirituality, his conception of religion in the public sphere is incomplete and impractical. His excessive emphasis on tariqa (the spiritual path) and neglect of shari‘a (Islamic law) leads to the marginalization of the social rulings of religion and a weakness in offering political solutions. Despite his critiques of modernity, Nasr does not offer a clear vision for religious governance, and his collaboration with the Pahlavi regime further amplifies this ambiguity. Ultimately, the hypothesis of this research—that Nasr's theory is ineffective as a comprehensive model for civilizational confrontation with modernity—is confirmed. Accordingly, this research is structured into the following main sections: - The life and intellectual genealogy of Nasr - Tradition and Traditionalism - Modernity and its roots - Islam and modernity The confrontation between the modern Western civilization and the Islamic world Based on an examination of Nasr's intellectual position and his understanding of modern Western civilization and the Islamic world’s engagement with it, the overall finding supports the hypothesis that he fails to offer an effective defensive project against modernity. Conclusion This conclusion is reinforced by the following key points: By dividing Islam into shari‘a and tariqa, and emphasizing the latter, Nasr effectively confines the project of religious civilization-building to aesthetic, mystical, and domains. He criticizes revolutionary revivalist movements like the Islamic Revolution for their focus on jurisprudence while neglecting literary, philosophical, and artistic elements. Ho
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