بررسی عوامل اثرگذار بر تحقق هوشمند سازی شهری با رویکرد تاب آوری (مورد پژوهی: شهر خرم آباد) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
شهر هوشمند و تاب آور دو مفهوم متفاوت هستند، اما می توانند با یکدیگر ترکیب شوند تا بهبود زندگی شهروندان را در مواجهه با چالش های مختلف تسهیل کنند. استفاده از فناوری های پیشرفته در ساختار شهر هوشمند می تواند به تقویت تاب آوری شهر در مواجهه با چالش های مختلف کمک کند. در این راستا؛ پژوهش حاضر با هدف؛ سنجش نقش عوامل اثرگذار بر تحقق هوشمند سازی شهری با رویکرد تاب آوری در شهر خرم آباد به عنوان یکی از شهرهای میانی کشور تدوین شده است. برای دست یابی به اهداف تحقیق؛ شاخص ها و عوامل اثرگذار با نظر خبرگان حوزه شهر هوشمند که شامل؛ اساتید دانشگاه، مدیران شهری و کارشناسان IT، که شامل جامعه آماری(30تن) می باشند استخراج شدند و در قالب مدل دیمتل فازی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. شدت روابط نهایی هر یک از عوامل طبق نظر خبرگان امتیازدهی شد و در قالب خروجی تحقیق بیان گردید. نتایج تحقیق نشان می دهد؛ شاخص مدیریت و سازمان دهی نقش مهمی و اثرگذاری در تاب آوری فضاهای شهری خرم آباد با امتیاز (0.147) دارد که جز اثرگذارترین شاخص معرفی شد. یکی دیگر از شاخص های مهم شهرهای هوشمند استفاده از فناوری های نوین با امتیاز (0.0590) است که اثرگذاری زیادی در تاب آوری شهری خرم آباد دارد. سومین شاخص شهر هوشمند و تأثیرگذار میزان مشارکت شهروندان است که بر اساس نتایج حاصل از دیمتل فازی با توجه به کسب امتیاز مثبت (0.0303) جز عوامل اثرگذار شناخته شد. تاب آوری کالبدی با کسب امتیاز منفی حاصل از دیمتل فازی (0.0974-) جز اثرپذیرترین عوامل شناسایی شده است. توسعه شهر هوشمند نیز جز عامل تأثیرپذیر با مقدار امتیاز آن (0.0078-) مطرح گردید. توجه به نقش عوامل اثرگذار می تواند به تحقق شهر هوشمند در خرم آباد کمک کند و در نتیجه تاب آوری شهر را افزایش دهد.Investigating the Factors Affecting the Realization of Smart City Development with a Resilience Approach: A Case Study of Khorramabad City
1.Introduction Urban smartification, or smart city formulation, means advanced communication and information technologies such as specific technologies directed towards improving citizens' living conditions and the efficient management of urban resources. This idea entails the Internet of Things, smart systems such as intelligent parking systems, smart roads, smart waste management, etc. This can enhance life quality for the citizens, decrease costs for cities, and produce a cleaner environment. Khorramabad, an intermediate city for the country and the twenty-thirds populous city, possesses specific tourism and historical potential. Nonetheless, due to several factors related to increasing urban population, less-than-optimal public participation, underutilization of NGOs in city projects, poor integrated management, problems with motor traffic, growth of residential areas surrounding the city, environmental concerns within the city, and unsustainable sources of municipal revenues, the city faces multiple challenges in all areas. The city is at the initial stage of developing smart city infrastructures. Establishing ICT (smart infrastructure and service) will be central to the transition and the realization of a smart city in Khorramabad, followed by an emphasis on social dimension (human and social capital participation) and integrated urban management based on modern public service considerations (both micro-ways of municipalities and macro-concern policymaking). Given these, the smart city should be implemented in the cities of the country, with particular emphasis on Khorramabad. Accordingly, the study at hand aims at pinpointing the driving forces for urban smartification in Khorramabad. 2.Methodology This research is considered applied, and the descriptive-analytical method has been used. The statistical population under study comprises 30 people expert in the smart city domain which contains urban managers, members of smart city committee of Khorramabad, and university professors in (urban planning and urban designing). The factors facilitating the realization of smart urbanization were extracted through documentary sources (articles, books, etc.) and expert opinions. Required data were collected through the application of a researcher designed questionnaire and its analysis carried out using fuzzy DEMATEL model. There are four zeros within the scoring of final intensities of relationships determined by experts. Based on these scores, each expert is to specify the effect of criterion i on criterion j. Pairwise comparisons between criteria (i.e. aij) are made on an integer scale using from 0, 1, 2, 3, to 4, where 0 is indicated "none," 1 "little," 2 "medium," 3 "high," and 4 "very-high." Results Analysis by fuzzy DEMATEL showed that smart city indicators can enhance resilience capacity of urban settlements in Khorramabad. Management and organization as an indicator was found to be the most crucial for resilience of settlements in Khorramabad, with an influence score of 0.147, being termed most powerful among all identified factors. Whereas another prominent smart city indicator that further avails modern technologies contribute a lot to building resilience in urban settlements of Khorramabad with a final score of 0.0590 and Di-Ri this has also been one of those factors honored as influential. The third smart city indicator influencing the urban settlements of Khorramabad is citizen participation, identified as an impactful factor based on the fuzzy DEMATEL results, with a positive score of 0.0303. Among other factors which improve urban resilience in Khorramabad, physical resilience would be one of those directly associated with and sensitive to the influential factors, being identified as the most impacted indicator with a negative score of -0.0974 in fuzzy DEMATEL analysis. Identification as impacted factor before smart city development in different areas has also a score of -0.0078, which indicates lesser level of impact compared to other affected indicators. 3.Discussion Needs of citizens are changing continuously, as urban areas transform rapidly with technological advancement, social change, economic development, and environmental transformation. Conventional management methods are insufficient to address urban management needs anymore. Sustainable, smart, and knowledge-oriented cities are some of the approaches that have emerged to tackle such urban problems through interdisciplinary collaboration and use of advanced technologies. These approaches derive their origins from the quality of life, citizen participation and environmental protection. Resistance to change in structures and processes of urban management will bar the desired impact of these initiatives on urban management. Moving away from traditionalism toward smart, flexible, and participatory systems is critical. Urban problems tend to be extremely complex and multilayered, calling for cross-sector partnerships and the use of different sources of knowledge and skills to provide broad and effective answer. 5.Conclusion The indicators demonstrating high Di+Ri values gain recognition for their position as key and driving ones. These indicators, directly affecting all other factors, can become pivotal in enhancing the resilience of Khorramabad. Smart transportation networks and active citizen participation among others, can therefore have very high importance as indicators. These indicators may improve recovery capacities for the city under crisis situations through sustainable physical infrastructure and interaction among citizens. Meanwhile, a few dependent factors with negative (Di-Ri) values have been named as impacted elements. Other indicators, such as the development of smart cities across various domains, collaboration with the private sector, smart urban growth, a smart culture, smart communication, and physical resilience, have all these factors identified as dependent and impacted.
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