نقدی بر ساختار نظام تقسیمات کشوری ایران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
تقسیمات کشوری مکانیسم اداره مطلوب و بهینه فضای جغرافیایی کشورها به وسیله نظام های سیاسی است. بین ساختار سلسله مراتب اداری و سطوح فضایی پیوند تنگاتنگی وجود دارد. به عنوان یک اصل در جغرافیای سیاسی باید بین نهادهای مدیریت سیاسی فضا و سطوح و چارچوب آن ارتباط متناسب برقرار شود. ملاحظه می شود که سازمان دهی، چارچوبی منطقی برای اداره قلمرو است. ازآنجاکه در ایران سازمان سیاسی فضا با چالش هایی مواجه شده، این پژوهش ساختار نظام تقسیمات کشوری را بررسی و نقد کرده است که به دلیل ویژگی های ساختاری و مدیریتی آن، ناکارآمدی هایی را در مدیریت سیاسی و اداری کشور به همراه دارد. ساختار نظام فعلی تقسیمات کشوری شامل چهار سطح استان، شهرستان، بخش و دهستان است که طی زمان، دچار چالش هایی همچون افزایش بوروکراسی، توزیع ناعادلانه منابع، تمرکزگرایی افراطی و عدم هماهنگی میان بخش های اداری شده است. این مشکلات پیامدهایی مانند افزایش هزینه های اجرایی، ناکارآمدی در ارائه خدمات و ایجاد شکاف های توسعه ای میان مناطق مختلف کشور را در پی داشته است. این پژوهش به روش توصیفی-تحلیلی با بررسی اسناد کتابخانه ای نظام تقسیمات کشوری را نقد می کند. یافته ها نشان می دهد که عدم وجود سطح منطقه در ساختار سلسله مراتب تقسیمات کشوری موجب ناکارآمدی نظام تقسیمات کشوری در انجام وظایف خود و اتخاذ رویکردهای بخشی در بین سایر نهادهای نظام اداری گشته که با ایجاد سطح منطقه و حذف سطح دهستان می توان به کارآمدتر شدن سازمان دهی و مدیریت سیاسی فضا و حتی کاهش حفره های دولت اقدام کرد. پژوهش حاضر بر ضرورت بازنگری در این ساختار تأکید دارد و با ارائه مدلی پیشنهادی، حذف سطح دهستان و ایجاد سطح منطقه را به عنوان راهکاری برای بهبود کارایی نظام اداری پیشنهاد می دهد. این تغییر با ایجاد یکپارچگی میان دستگاه های اجرایی و سازمان های اداری و تطابق بیشتر تقسیمات کشوری با ویژگی های جغرافیایی و فرهنگی می تواند گامی مؤثر در جهت کاهش تعارضات منطقه ای، افزایش عدالت فضایی و تقویت توسعه متداوم باشد.A Critique of the Structure of Iran's National Division System
Country divisions serve as a mechanism for the effective management of a nation's geographical space by its political systems. There is a significant relationship between the structure of the administrative hierarchy and spatial levels. In political geography, it is essential to establish a proportional relationship between political management institutions and the various levels and frameworks of space. This study recognized organization as a logical framework for territorial administration. In Iran, the political organization of space faces numerous challenges. This research critically examined the structure of the country's division system, which, due to its inherent structural and managerial characteristics, had resulted in inefficiencies in political and administrative governance. The current division system comprises 4 levels: province, city, district, and village. Over time, these areas have encountered issues, such as escalating bureaucracy, inequitable resource distribution, excessive centralization, and a lack of coordination among administrative departments. These challenges have led to increased administrative costs, inefficiencies in service delivery, and widening development gaps between different regions of the country. This article employed a descriptive-analytical method to critique the country's division system through an examination of library documents. The findings indicated that the absence of a regional level within the hierarchical structure of country divisions had resulted in inefficiencies, leading to the adoption of sectoral approaches across various administrative systems. By introducing a regional level and eliminating the village level, it is possible to reduce governmental disparities and enhance the organization and political management of space. The present study underscored the necessity of reevaluating this structure. By proposing a model that eliminated the village level and established a regional level, the study aimed to improve the efficiency of the administrative system. This change could foster greater integration among executive bodies and administrative organizations, aligning country divisions more closely with geographical and cultural characteristics. Ultimately, such adjustments may effectively reduce regional conflicts, promote spatial justice, and strengthen sustainable development. Keywords : Political Organization of Space, National Divisions, Zoning, Rural District, Iran. Introduction The territory governed by a country's political system encompasses both geographical space and its elements, including the inhabitants, natural features, and human-made phenomena. This complex interplay of factors creates a dynamic environment that influences governance and societal development. The primary influence of governments on internal space is exercised through spatial organization, which serves as a critical mechanism for implementing policies and regulations. Consequently, the quality and approach to organizing this space significantly shape the trajectory of internal developments within nations. Effective spatial organization not only facilitates administrative efficiency, but also promotes equitable resource distribution, social cohesion, and sustainable development. In this context, organization serves as a logical framework for territorial administration, enabling the regulation of public affairs and ensuring that governance aligns with the needs and characteristics of the population. This process necessitates a deep understanding of space and its characteristics, including demographic patterns, cultural diversity, and environmental considerations. To effectively govern, governments must divide space into a hierarchical structure that aligns with an appropriate administrative organization. This structure should facilitate the management of land and settlements of people, ensuring that governmental authority is exercised in a manner that is both effective and responsive to the diverse needs of the population. Moreover, the spatial organization of a country can influence various aspects of daily life, including economic activities, access to services, and overall quality of life. An appropriately structured hierarchy enhances communication and coordination among different levels of government, fostering collaboration and enabling more effective problem-solving. Ultimately, the manner, in which space is organized and governed, plays a pivotal role in shaping the identity and functionality of a nation, impacting everything from local communities to national policies. Materials & Methods This research was descriptive in nature and method, serving an applied purpose while employing an analytical approach to address the problem. Data collection involved utilizing library sources, including zoning study plan documents, executive reports from zoning agencies, and scholarly books and articles, as well as laws enacted by the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran. Research Findings Weaknesses of Political Organization of Space The inefficiency of divisions established based on widely accepted approaches, principles, and criteria could be attributed to the inadequacies in the political organization of space in Iran. Population served as the primary indicator for the country’s divisions; yet, it had not led to a balanced spatial distribution of residents. Consequently, spatial anomalies had emerged across the nation. The following are notable consequences of the flawed political organization of space and inefficiencies in Iran's country divisions: a) Insufficient attention to the necessary conditions for creating and enhancing the levels and elements of country divisions for optimal management and development b) Incomplete coordination and imbalance between the administrative structure (executive bodies) and the framework of country divisions c) Lack of proportionate development at the national level d) Increasing governmental inefficiencies and financial burdens e) Diminished political participation of certain regions in administrative and executive affairs Discussion of Results & Conclusion The present study demonstrated that the structure of the country's division system characterized by its hierarchical nature, extreme rigidity, and misalignment with geographical and cultural features was insufficiently efficient. This structure impeded balanced development and effective management at various levels across the country. As a result, it had fostered an imbalanced environment within the country's management system, leading to challenges, such as increased bureaucracy, excessive administrative duties, high administrative costs, and inequitable distribution of resources and services. Moreover, the centralization of decision-making and service delivery restricted access for marginalized areas, exacerbating development gaps and heightening social dissatisfaction in these regions.
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