دراسة لانعكاسات الغاية علي ترجمات رباعيات الخيام علي ضوء نظرية سكوبوس ترجمة رامي والصافي أنموذجا (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
لا شک أن مباحث علم اللغه قد تسربت إلی الترجمه فی النصف الثانی من القرن العشرین، وتم الترکیز بدایه علی التکافؤ والتعادل، بوصفه مفهوما رئیساً، کما رکزت المداخل اللغویه المنوطه بالتکافؤ علی النص الأصل، وعلی الخصائص المراد الحفاظ علیها فی النص الهدف، عند التحلیل اللغوی، إلا أن الترجمه لم ترزح زمنا طویلاً تحت عبء النظریات اللغویه التی کان فیها التکافؤ لنص الأصل هو المعیار الأساسی فی تحدید نجاح الترجمه، بل واجهت تحولاً کبیراً، وانعطفت نحو النظریات التی تولی قدراً أکبر من الاهتمام بالوظائف الاجتماعیه والثقافیه. وأبرز هذه النظریات الوظیفیه هی نظریه سکوبوس التی استأثرت باهتمام الباحثین والدارسین. وبظهورها، لم تتحرر دراسات الترجمه من اللسانیات فحسب، بل فتحت الآفاق لظهور رؤی جدیده من الترجمه، الأمر الذی دعا إلی إلقاء نظره فاحصه علی بعض الخیوط الدقیقه فی النسیج الفکری لهذه النظریه، وفی طلیعتها نظریه الغایه أو سکوبوس التی تشکل رکناً أساسیاً فیها، وقد انعکست علی معظم مفاصل الترجمه. سنقوم فی هذا المقال، بإماطه اللثام عن وجه انعکاسات الغایه علی ترجمتی أحمد رامی وأحمد الصافی النجفی، لاسیما علی صعید تحدید نمط الترجمه، واستراتیجیتها، وتحدید السیاق الثقافی، وتحدید الأسلوب، بمنهج وصفی تحلیلی.A Study of the Implications of Purpose on the Translations of the Rubaiyat of Khayyam in Light of Skopos Theory (The Translation by Rami and Al-Safi as a Model)
Undoubtedly, discussions in the field of linguistics began to permeate translation in the second half of the twentieth century, initially focusing on equivalence and correspondence as a primary concept. Linguistic approaches related to equivalence concentrated on the source text and the characteristics to be preserved in the target text during linguistic analysis. However, translation did not remain burdened for long under the weight of linguistic theories that regarded the equivalence of the source text as the main criterion for determining the success of translation. Instead, it underwent a significant transformation, shifting towards theories that place greater emphasis on social and cultural functions. Among these theories is Skopos Theory, which has attracted the attention of researchers and scholars. With its emergence, translation studies not only liberated themselves from linguistics but also opened avenues for new perspectives on translation. This has prompted a closer examination of some subtle threads in the intellectual fabric of this theory, foremost among them the purpose or Skopos, which constitutes a fundamental pillar of it. This has been reflected in most aspects of translation. In this study, we will investigate the implications of purpose on the translations by Ahmed Rami and Ahmed Al-Safi Al-Najafi, particularly in terms of determining the translation style and strategy, defining the cultural context, and identifying the style through a descriptive-analytical approach. The art of the quatrain is one of the most difficult and complex poetic arts because it is not easy for the poet to organize a great and ingenious meaning into a small form, and the quatrain is an independent piece that has unity in form and content, as it paves the way for the poetic purpose that he aims for in the first three parts, and in the fourth part, the result that was paved is emptied. One of the most brilliant people in this art was Abu al-Fath Omar bin Ibrahim al-Khayyam (440-517 AH). He was born in Nishapur. He is a Persian astronomer, mathematician, and philosopher. He was not known to be a poet until Imad al-Din al-Isbahani came and revealed this truth when mentioning the virtuous people of Khorasan and Herat in his book Kharidah Al-Qasr and Al-Asr Newspaper ” in the year 572 AH. Among his most important works are Nawrouznameh , Maqal Al-Jabir wal-Muqabalah , and Risaail Al-Khayyam printed in the book Jami’ Al-Bada’i’. The methodology adopted in this research is descriptive-analytical, and the three research questions are as follows: As long as the purpose represents the essential structure of Skopos theory, what is its reflection on the translation style of Rami and Al-Safi for the Rubaiyat of Khayyam? What is the reflection of the purpose of the cultural context of the aforementioned translations? What is the reflection of purpose on the style of the aforementioned translations? Skopos theory emphasizes that the target text depends on its purpose, as it represents the information of the source text in a new way, making it difficult to easily return to the source text. It also asserts that the function of the target text in its culture does not necessarily correspond to the function of the source text in its culture. Functional analysis differs from linguistic analysis in that it focuses on the tools used to achieve the purpose of translation based on the background and needs of the recipient, as a preliminary step before translation. In contrast, linguistic analysis compares verbal and grammatical equivalences between the source text and the target text, meaning that translation comes before linguistic analysis, unlike functional analysis. The priorities of functional analysis include identifying the purpose of the translation, meeting the audience’s needs, and ensuring the appropriateness between the two texts. Any violation of these priorities negatively affects the quality of the translation. Al-Safi ignored these priorities and compromised them in order to maintain fidelity, while Rami adhered to them and to the Skopos of his translation, resulting in its success.
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