الإحالة النصية كعنصر اتساقي في خطب الإمام الباقر (ع) في ضوء نظرية حسن وهاليداي (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
تعدّ الإحاله من العناصر الرئیسه فی تماسک النصوص، خاصه الأدبیه منها فی اللسانیات النصیه، وتلعب دوراً تواصلیاً مشترکاً بین الکاتب والقارئ؛ لأنّها تقیم علاقات دلالیه وشکلیه بین الجمل المتتالیه، غیر أنها لیست أداه لغویه، تأتی للربط بین أجزاء الکلام فحسب، وإنّما تشکّل بناء تصوّر إدراکی لدى المتلقّی. هذه المسأله قد لفتت انتباه دارسی اللغه، خاصه هالیدای وحسن. فاهتمّوا بدراسه الروابط النصیه کجسر تواصلی بین أجزاء النصّ المتباعده والربط بین تلک الأجزاء ربطاً واضحاً، مثل: الضمائر، والموصولات، وأسماء الإشاره، وغیرها. وبالعوده إلى خطب الإمام الباقر (8)، نرى أنّ الأدوات النصیه فیها جاءت بشکل متمیّز، حیث لا تکاد تخلو منها جمله، ممّا یتطلب تسلیط الضوء علىها، والکشف عن أثرها فی تماسک خطبه. تهدف هذه الورقه البحثیه، بمنهجها الوصفی التحلیلی، إلى قراءه الإحالات النصیه فی خطب الإمام الباقر (8)، وفق نظریه حسن وهالیدای، لتقدّم عوناً للباحثین الذین یرغبون فی فهم خطبه. وفی نهایه المطاف، توصّلت الدراسه إلى بعض نتائج، منها: أنّ الإحالات عند الإمام الباقر (8)، تنقسم إلى: الإحاله النصیه قبلیه، وبعدیه؛ والأدوات الإحالیه هی: الضمیر، واسم الإشاره، واسم الموصول، وأدوات المقارنه؛ وذلک یعود للاضطرابات التی لوحظت فی الوضع السیاسی والاجتماعی، خاصه فی العقدین الأخیرین من حیاه الإمام (8)، حیث انتقلت السلطه من أسره إلى أخرى، ورافقت ذلک اضطرابات. کما اتّضح أن الإمام الباقر (8)، استخدم الإحاله القبلیه کثیراً فی خطبه أکثر بکثیر، مقارنه بالإحاله البعدیه.Textual Reference as a Consistent Element in the Sermons of Imam Baqir (AS) Based on Hassan and Halliday’s Theory
Textual reference, or what is also known as verbal or symbolic reference is the use of words and expressions that carry multiple connotations and symbolize other meanings or refer to deeper ideas and concepts. Textual reference is used in the verbal discourse to influence the audience and deliver additional messages or show indirect meanings. When there is a link between the vocabulary and components of the sentence or text, one can easily understand the hidden angles of the sermon. Imam Baqir (AS), as one of the infallible imams, played a central role in unifying the concepts and methods of interpreting religious texts. The importance of the efforts of Imam Baqir (AS) is that he established a comprehensive knowledge center based on the Holy Quran and the tradition of the Prophet (PBUH). To interpret the texts, he was interested in relying on first-hand and reliable sources. Therefore, he collected the hadiths and traditions belonging to the Prophet (PBUH) and his companions. Reference is considered one of the vital elements in textual interconnection. It is taught in textual linguistics and contributes to the cohesion of the text and clarification of its meanings. When there is a bond between the vocabulary and the different parts of the sentence or the text, it becomes easy to understand the message behind it. Understanding referrals requires accuracy in interpretation and taking into account the historical and social contexts in which they were written. When we study the sermons of Imam Baqir (AS), the role of textual referral appears in clarifying the basic concepts and his ideas. It enhances our ability to perceive his purposes and instructions. Imam Baqir (AS), with his broad knowledge, was seeking to provide a comprehensive reading of jurisprudence and speech. This requires an accurate analysis of his texts to understand the deep messages he aims to deliver. The present research focuses on studying the referrals in the sermons of Imam Baqir (AS), to understand its role and its impact on achieving grammatical, rhetorical, and psychological goals. This descriptive-analytical research is based on Hassan and Halliday’s theory. The importance of this study is evident in the discussion of textual referral in the sermons of Imam Baqir (AS) as an Imam who had many students interested in conveying his hadiths and sermons. The referral played an important role in the cohesion of the sermons of Imam Baqir (AS) and its harmony as the constructive arteries of his sermons. Imam Baqir (AS) employed all kinds of referrals, especially consciences, connections, sign names, and comparison tools. As for the referral of the consciences, the study concluded that the conscience referral with its dimensional types dominated his sermons compared to other referral tools. This referral was highly abundant in the pronoun ‘cuff’. We also noticed a high frequency of the pronoun of the addressees (kom). It can be said that Imam (AS) was directed to the general public. It is also more than the employment of the pronoun ‘antom’. References are referred to as referrals and have a lower frequency than pronouns. However, they show the continuity and interdependence between the sentences of speeches. They have no formal function but have semantic functions. Imam (AS) used close signals in referrals to facilitate the relationship so that the addressee turns to what will be in his future or what will come or will face. The special comparison was the most referral of comparison tools in the sermons of the Imam (AS).
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