الخصائص المنهجية في كتاب التحليل اللغوي لنهج البلاغة: دراسة نقدية تحليلية (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
بما أن نهج البلاغه هو تفسیر القرآن والبیان له، فانبری عدد غیر قلیل من العلماء بشرحه وکشف خفایاه، وألفوا شروحا مختلفه له، منها الشرح العصری المسمی بالتحلیل اللغوی لنهج البلاغه ، والذی طبعته مؤسسه علوم نهج البلاغه، ویقع فی 456 صفحه، مقتصرا علی شرح العهد الشریف لأمیر المؤمنین إلی مالک الأشتر. یسعی البحث فی هذه العجاله إلی ملامسه الخصائص المنهجیه لهذا الکتاب وبیان قیمته وکیفیه توجیهه لکلمات وأسالیب، وردت فی المتن ومعرفه السمه الممیزه التی یتمیز بها، کما یهدف إلی بیان أهم المآخذ علیه. تکمن أهمیه البحث فی عده أسباب، منها کون هذا الکتاب شرحا عصریا، ألّف وفق المستویات اللغویه المختلفه، استجابه لطلب وزاره التعلیم العالی والبحث العلمی العراقیه، ولا بدع أن البحث فی مثل هکذا موضوع له العدید من الإسهامات والإیجابیات علی صعید المجتمع الأکادیمی الإیرانی، حتى یتعرف على أحدث المنهجیه التی یتم على أساسها تألیف الکتب الدراسیه فی الجامعات العراقیه ونقاط القوه والضعف فیها. یسلک البحث المنهج الوصفی، بالإضافه إلی المنهجین الاستقرائی التحلیلی، لمعالجه الجوانب المختلفه للموضوع. وکان من أهم النتائج المتوصل إلیها: أن الشارح تناول الظواهر اللغویه فی خمسه مستویات بدءا بأصغر وحده فی التحلیل اللغوی وانتهاء بأکبرها بأسلوب، یغلب علیه السؤال والجواب، لإثاره أذهان الطلبه فی توظیف علوم العربیه. وأسلوبه المتبع هو التفصیل وتجنب التکرار وتسلسل العمل، مع ذکر آراء النحاه واللغویین القدامی والأصواتیین المحدثین، ومناقشه الوجوه اللغویه المختلفه والترجیح بینها. من أهم المآخذ علی منهج الکتاب هو أنه لم یوثق المعلومات والأفکار الوارده فی المتن، ولم یضع فهارس المصادر والمراجع، والآیات القرآنیه، والأعلام، وغیرها، کما أنه لم یسخر حیزا للتعالیق والشروح اللازمه فی مساحه الهامش.A Critical-analytical Study of the Methodological Characteristics in the Book Linguistic Analysis of Nahj al-Balagha
Since Nahj al-Balagha is considered an interpretation and explanation of the Qur’an , scholars have undertaken to explain it and uncover its secrets. They have written various commentaries on it, including the modern commentary called The Linguistic Analysis of Nahj al-Balagha , written by Satim (2018). It is 456 pages long and is limited to explaining the noble covenant of the Commander to Malik al-Ashtar. The present research seeks to investigate the methodological characteristics of this book, to show its value and how it addresses the words and styles mentioned in the text of the book, and to know the distinctive features that distinguish it, along with the most important criticisms of it. The importance of the research lies in several reasons including the fact that this book is a modern explanation composed according to different linguistic levels in response to the request of the Iraqi Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. It is no wonder that research on such a topic has many contributions to the Iranian academic community so that readers can learn about the latest methodology on the basis of which textbooks are composed in Iraqi universities and their strengths and weaknesses. The research uses the descriptive method, in addition to the inductive and analytical approaches, to address the different aspects of the topic. One of the most important results reached was that the commentator addressed linguistic phenomena at five levels, starting with the smallest unit in linguistic analysis and ending with the largest, in a style dominated by questions and answers, to stimulate the minds of students in employing Arabic sciences. The book avoids repetition and sequencing the work, mentioning the opinions of ancient grammarians, linguists, and modern phoneticians. One of the most important criticisms of the book’s methodology is that it did not document the information and ideas contained in the text, nor did it provide indexes of sources and references, Quranic verses, notable figures, and so on. It also did not allocate space for the necessary comments and explanations in the margin.
Introduction
Nahj al-Balagha has long been the focus of researchers’ attention and the subject of their research. They have studied and explained it from different angles, each of them trying to quench their thirst for this inexhaustible source and draw from the sea of its endless secrets. Among the features and characteristics of Nahj al-Balagha that have drawn the attention of researchers are its literary and linguistic aspects, to the extent that many commentaries have been written on it. Each commentator has tried to explore its scientific, stylistic, linguistic, and literary features. Among the modern commentaries that were written with a new approach and to meet the needs of the Iraqi academic community, is Satim’s (2018) modern commentary entitled Linguistic Analysis of Nahj al-Balagha; Methodology of the Old Book’s Subject in the Arabic Language Sections, Linguistic Analysis of the Noble Covenant , which was printed by the Nahj al-Balagha Sciences Foundation at the Al-Hussainiya Shrine in the Holy City of Karbala. The book is 456 pages long and is limited to explaining the Noble Covenant of the Commander of the Faithful to Malik al-Ashtar when he appointed him governor of Egypt.
This research aims to shed light on the most important methodological characteristics in this modern book, to present its distinctive features that distinguish it and the steps that the explainer took to define the linguistic secrets of this noble covenant, and to fathom the mechanisms that he adopted to reveal the joints of this book. The study aims to answer the following four research questions: 1) What are the main axes around which the book's method revolves in explaining the noble covenant? 2) What is the method used by the author? 3) What are the sources that he relied on? And 4) what are the most important objections to it?
Given the nature of the research and the purpose we seek to achieve, we decided to use the inductive approach by tracking and collecting the various linguistic topics, in addition to the descriptive approach in order to describe the meanings and concepts of the research such as the concept of phonetic and morphological phenomena, as well as the analytical approach to analyze the texts and evidence, and to clarify the features of its methodology in order to reach the scientific truth impartially and objectively.
With respect to the four mentioned research questions, the results of the study showed that:
1) The main axes around which the book’s methodology revolves in explaining the Noble Covenant include dividing the text of the Noble Covenant into twenty sections, then following each section with a word of general meaning, and discussing its linguistic features at five levels, starting with the smallest unit in linguistic analysis, which is the phonetic level, and extending to the morphological, syntactic, and lexical levels, and ending with the semantic level in a style dominated by questions and answers to stimulate the minds of readers in employing the sciences of Arabic.
2) The method used in the explanation is detailed and clear, avoiding repetition and sequencing the work, mentioning the opinions of ancient grammarians and linguists and modern phonetics, and discussing the different phonetic, morphological, and grammatical aspects and weighing between them. In all these steps, the explainer tries to support his discussions with examples and Qur’anic evidence that enable the student to comprehend the most important steps that must be followed to understand the text.
3) One of the most important criticisms of the book’s methodology is that it did not document the information and ideas contained in the text and was satisfied with referring to some of its sources in the introduction. It did not provide an index of Qur’anic verses, an index of notable figures, poems, places, countries, sources, references, etc. We know that placing indexes in scientific books is necessary to facilitate accessing its rich material, and a book without indexes is less useful and difficult to read. It also did not devote space to the necessary comments and explanations in the margin.
4) Among its methodological characteristics, which are considered positive aspects of the book, are maintaining the unity of the subject, as it does not jump from one idea to another, dividing the Holy Testament into different sections, and quoting Qur’anic verses that reinforce its discussion of the subject and serve its scientific objectives.
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