تدوین چارچوب ارزیابی اهمیت میراثی برای سناریوهای اقدامات بهره وری انرژی در بناهای تاریخی ایران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
اقدامات بهره وری انرژی در ساختمان های موجود یکی از گزینه ها برای کاهش انتشار گاز دی اکسید کربن و صرفه جویی در مصرف انرژی است. بناهای تاریخی بخش بزرگی از ساختمان های موجود در کشورهای مختلف هستند و مطالعات بسیاری بر تطبیق بین اقدامات حفاظتی و بهره وری انرژی انجام شده است. تعیین اهمیت و ارزش میراثی بنا به عنوان اولین گام پژوهش مقدم بر تعیین اقدامات بهره وری انرژی است. هدف این مقاله تدوین یک چارچوب ارزیابی اهمیت میراثی بناهای تاریخی ایران جهت تنظیم سناریوهای اقدامات بهره وری انرژی است، به طوری که هم در فرآیند ارزیابی اهمیت میراثی و هم در ارزیابی تأثیرات میراثی ناشی از اقدامات بهره وری انرژی مؤثر عمل کند. روش این پژوهش کیفی و مبتنی بر مطالعات کتابخانه ای است و با رویکردی تحلیلی، به بررسی و تبیین کاستی های روش های ارزیابی میراثی در منابع معتبر علمی می پردازد. دستاورد این مقاله یک چارچوب ارزیابی اهمیت میراثی بومی شده برای بناهای تاریخی ایران است که بر اساس شش محور اصلی: مکان های ارزشیابی، اجزای ساختمان، تیپ بندی اجزا، عناصر اجزا، سطوح اهمیت میراثی و تحلیل کیفی تنظیم شده است. این ساختار قابلیت هم پوشانی اهمیت میراثی با تأثیرات میراثی ناشی از اقدامات بهره وری انرژی ضمن توجه به جزییات و عناصر خاص معماری ایرانی را داراست و امکان مقایسه میان اقدامات مختلف بهره وری انرژی جهت تصمیم گیری را فراهم می کند.A Heritage Significance Assessment Framework for Energy Retrofit Scenarios in Iran’s Historical Building
Retrofitting existing buildings can contribute to reducing carbon emissions and energy consumption. Historic buildings constitute a significant portion of the existing building stock in various countries, and numerous studies have been conducted on the compatibility between conservation measures and energy retrofitting. Determining the significance and heritage value of a building is the first step in research prior to identifying retrofit measures. The aim of this paper is to create a framework for assessing the heritage significance of Iran's historical buildings in the context of energy retrofit scenarios. This framework will be effective in both assessing heritage significance and evaluating the heritage impacts of energy retrofits. This study employs a qualitative methodology based on library research and adopts an analytical approach to examine and elucidate the shortcomings of heritage assessment methods presented in reliable scientific sources. Currently, there is no defined standard for evaluating heritage value. Most existing methods are general, non-specific, and lack detailed considerations, often being tailored to specific regions. There is also a lack of effective methods for accurately assessing the impact of energy retrofitting on cultural heritage value. The EFFESUS project methodology, due to its meticulous attention to detail, compatibility with energy retrofit implications, adaptability, and universal applicability,is proposed as a foundation for developing a localized framework for assessing the heritage significance of historic structures in Iran. Energy efficiency studies of historic buildings have mostly focused on the cold and temperate climates of Europe and on detached or semi-detached building typologies. However, Iran's historic architecture, reflecting its diverse climate, features a blend of open, semi-open, and enclosed spaces. Distinctive features, such as central courtyards, sunken gardens, gardens, and the relationship between buildings and their neighbors, have emerged. These features were analyzed within the proposed localized assessment framework. Due to the physical characteristics and construction methods of European historical buildings, the EFFESUS method primarily focuses on the building envelope. However, in Iranian architecture, elements such as the iwan (vaulted space), dome (Gonbad-khaneh), arcade (Revagh), basement (Sardab), windcatcher (Badgir), and minaret, among others, are also of significant importance and have been incorporated into the proposed assessment framework. This framework also considers the distinct characteristics and variations in the elements of Iranian historical architecture, such as windows, doors, iwans, and diverse façades. To gain a deeper understanding of intangible aspects in conjunction with quantitative evaluation, qualitative analysis using interviews with conservation experts and specialists was recommended to more accurately determine heritage significance. This proposed framework has been compiled into a checklist. The result of this article is a localized framework for assessing the heritage significance of historical buildings in Iran. This framework is structured around six main axes: evaluation locations, building elements, typology of elements, components and details, heritage significance, and qualitative analysis. This structure incorporates five levels of heritage significance. This framework considers specific details and elements of Iranian architecture to facilitate an integrated assessment of both heritage significance and the heritage impacts of energy retrofit measures, enabling comparison between different retrofit options for informed decision-making.
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