اثربخشی مداخله بخشودگی بر تمایل به جبران و انگیزه های بین فردی مرتبط با خطاکاری زنان درگیر طلاق عاطفی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثربخشی مداخله بخشودگی بر تمایل به جبران و انگیزه های بین فردی مرتبط با خطاکاری زنان درگیر طلاق عاطفی انجام شد. روش : روش پژوهش حاضر نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش آزمون، پس آزمون و پیگیری با گروه گواه بود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل تمام زنان درگیر طلاق عاطفی بود که در سال 1400-1399 جهت دریافت خدمات مشاوره خانواده به کلینیک های دارای مجوز از سازمان بهزیستی شهر اصفهان مراجعه کردند. با روش نمونه گیری هدفمند در دسترس 40 زن به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند و به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل قرار گرفتند. گروه آزمایش مداخله بخشودگی را در هشت جلسه طی دو ماه دریافت کرد. برای جمع آوری داده ها از پرسشنامه طلاق عاطفی گاتمن و انگیزه های بین فردی مرتبط با خطاکاری مک کالو و همکاران استفاده شد. داده ها با استفاده از تحلیل واریانس با اندازه گیری مکرر تحلیل شدند. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد مداخله بخشودگی بر تمایل به جبران، انتقام جویی و دوری گزینی زنان درگیر طلاق عاطفی، مؤثر است. همچنین مداخله بخشودگی بر مؤلفه انتقام جویی مؤثر تر بود. بحث و نتیجه گیری: براساس نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش می توان از مداخله بخشودگی به عنوان راهکاری مؤثر برای بهبود عملکرد روانی زوجین درگیر طلاق عاطفی در مراکز مشاوره خانواده، کلینک های تخصصی و مراکز آموزشی پیش از ازدواج بهره برد.The Effectiveness of Forgiveness Intervention on the Desire to Compensate and Interpersonal Motivations related to the Wrongdoing of Women Involved in Emotional Divorce
Introduction Emotional divorce has been demonstrated to be associated with diminished satisfaction among women and an increased vulnerability to physical and mental illnesses. Women are more likely to be suffering from these conditions due to their role in upbringing children and protecting the home environment. Emotional divorce can be conceptualized as a precursor to legal divorce, representing a form of silent divorce. In this state, couples continue to cohabitate while observing significant marital restrictions, resulting in a state of emotional separation despite the physical presence in the same dwelling (Rasheed et al., 2021). The phenomenon of emotional divorce has been particularly observed in families where spouses are compelled to reside together due to traditional norms or negative attitudes towards divorced women. This study examines the interpersonal motivations of women involved in emotional divorce, focusing on two variables: revenge and avoidance. The present study posits that forgiveness can serve as a mechanism to confront emotional divorce and mitigate adverse emotional responses. Interpersonal motivations related to wrongdoing include how people deal with the moral, physical, and psychological harm caused by the wrongdoer (Baumeister et al., 1994). Revenge, the desire to double-repay for harm without a clear understanding of the situation, and the avoidance of emotional conflict to protect oneself, are among these motivations. The desire to compensate functions as a strategy to mask personal vulnerabilities and shortcomings by achieving success in other domains (Worthington et al., 2017). Forgiveness, in this sense, is a multifaceted process involving a reduction in negative sentiments towards the offending individual, a diminution in the inclination towards revenge, and an augmentation in positive emotions (Fatehi et al., 2021). Notably, forgiveness can paradoxically enhance the desire to compensate, as evidenced by studies such as that of Woodyatt and Wenzel (2013). Given the gravity of the issue of emotional divorce in women and its repercussions on society, this study investigates the effectiveness of forgiveness intervention on the desire to compensate and the interpersonal motivations related to the wrongdoing of women involved in emotional divorce. Method The research method employed was a quasi-experimental design, incorporating a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population comprised women experiencing emotional divorce who sought treatment at family counseling clinics in Isfahan during 2020-2021. Forty subjects were identified as having emotional divorce, as determined by the Gottman Divorce Test (1997). These subjects were then randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group. The experimental group received eight sessions of forgiveness intervention based on the protocol developed by Enright et al. (2001). The control group received no intervention. Data were collected using the Gottman Emotional Divorce Questionnaire (1997) and McCullough et al. (1998) Interpersonal Motivations Questionnaires, and were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Findings The efficacy of the forgiveness intervention was demonstrated by its significant impact on the desire to compensate ( P <0.001, F=58.947, F=15.288) and its subsequent reduction of revenge ( P <0.001) and avoidance ( P <0.001) behaviors among women experiencing emotional divorce. The intervention's impact on reducing revenge behaviors demonstrated stability at the post-test and follow-up stages ( P <0.001). The impact of the intervention on the avoidance was found to be consistent at the pre-test to post-test and pre-test to follow-up stages ( P <0.001). However, its stability was not consistent between the post-test and follow-up stages ( P <0.560). The percentage of effectiveness of forgiveness intervention on the desire to compensate, revenge and avoidance were 55.1%, 56.3%, and 0.69%, respectively. Conclusion & Suggestions The findings of this study demonstrated that training in forgiveness and relationship enrichment skills exerted a substantial influence on the mitigation of revenge and the enhancement of empathy in women experiencing emotional divorce. The provision of a secure and nurturing environment through these educational interventions enabled the participants to address their negative emotions, particularly anger and the desire to compensate, in a constructive manner. The training in forgiveness skills fostered a more profound comprehension of both the participants' own and their spouses' emotional and psychological needs. This enhanced understanding subsequently facilitated more open, honest, and respectful behaviors within the context of their relationships. Furthermore, training in negotiation and emotion management skills has been shown to help participants prevent the emergence and escalation of their anger. The implementation of choice-based strategies in these educational interventions resulted in the modification and enhancement of interactions between couples. These dynamic and purposeful interactions have been shown to reduce negative energy in relationships and increase the tendency toward sincere and understanding interactions. Consequently, couples demonstrated an increased capacity to cultivate harmonious relationships characterized by mutual acceptance. The study identified a correlation between a lack of forgiveness and empathy and the propensity to engage in revenge behaviors among women experiencing emotional divorce. The present study examined the impact of forgiveness training interventions on emotional divorcees, with a focus on feelings of revenge, empathy, and self-confidence. The intervention, as implemented, appeared to be effective in helping participants overcome their anger and revenge by fostering feelings of empathy and compassionate understanding towards the offender. The findings of this study are consistent with those of other studies, including those by Ebrahimi (2018); Isanejad(2010); Vallejo (2020); Bell (2017); Hay et al. (2018); Torkizadeh et al. (2018); Kianipour (2019); and Kahl Joyce (2010). Given these materials, it is posited that forgiveness training can function as an efficacious program for enhancing marital satisfaction and the propensity for reconciliation among couples experiencing emotional divorce.
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